Introduction: Macroscopic fungi are simple plants that are often found growing wild in the wild. This study aims to determine the types of macroscopic fungi, to recognize the beneficial and harmful macroscopic fungi in Batang Gadis National Park Resort Area 7. Materials and Methods: A descriptive survey method with deliberate sampling using line transects, namely using a plot with a size of 20 m x 20 m as many as 36 plots and the distance of each plot is 10 m. Results: Found in 32 types of macroscopic fungi were obtained which belong to 11 families, such as: Polyporaceae, Ganodermatacea, Marasmiaceae, Stereaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Amanitaceae, Tricholomataceae, Russulaceae, Auriculariaceae, Sparassidaceae, and Psathyellaceae. The diversity index (H') of macroscopic fungi was 2.92 (medium). There are three types of macroscopic fungi that are consumed by the human in Sopotinjak Village as food and traditional medicine, and seven types that are not consumed because they contain toxins. There are 22 other species, namely Trametes cimulata, Lentinus tigrinus (Bull) Fr, Polyporus sp., Hygrophorus psittacinus, Trymyces sp., Hygrophorus aurantica (Wulfen), Polyporus sp.2, Collybia sp., Russula sp., Trametes sp.1, Ganoderma sp, Trametes sp.2, Stereum sp., Lignosus rhinocerus, Trametes versicolor (L), Trametes sp.3, Sparasis crispa (Wulfen), Hygrocybe conica (Schaeff), Polyporus sp.3, Trametes sp.4, Stereum hirsutum (Willd) Gray, Microporus xanthopus (Fr) Kuntze, and Tametes sp.5.
Penelitian keanekaragaman paku-pakuan ini telah dilaksanakan di Taman Wisata Alam Sicike-cike Kabupaten Dairi Sumatera Utara pada bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2018. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan dengan menggunakan Metode Purposive Sampling. dan dalam pengambilan data digunakan Metode Kuadrat pada tiga lokasi berbeda (jalur yang berada di ketiga danau) denganukuran petak 3 m x 3 m. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan 20 jenis paku-pakuan, yaitu Selliquealima (V. A. V. R), Gleichenia linearis Brum., Oleanra pistillaris (SW) C. Chr., Ctenopteris tenuisecta (BL) J. Sm., Humata repens (L. Fil) Diels., Phymatopteris triloba (Houtt) Piehi., Ctenopteris contigula (Fort) Holtt., Lycopodium plegmaria L., Vittariasp., Hymenophyllum productum Kunze., Davallia denticulate (Brum) Mett., Ctenopteris mollicoma Ness & BL., Polypodium percifolium Desv., Christellasp., Cyatheaceae recumutata Copel., Neprolepis sp., Elapoglossum robinsonii Holt, Leucostegia pallida (Mett) Copel., Selaginella wildenowii (Desv) Backer., Drynaria sp. INP tertinggi pada lokasi I adalah Gleichenia linearis Burm. sebesar 40,35%, pada lokasi II adalah Hymenophyllum productum Kunze. sebesar 28,02% dan pada lokasi III adalah Selliquea lima (V.A.V.R) Holtt. sebesar 48,06%.
This study aims to find out how the application and effectiveness of schoology learning media during the Covid-19 pandemic on biology learning outcomes at MTS Al-Wasliyah Tembung. This research is a qualitative research using case study method. The subjects of this study were the vice principal, teachers of science studies, and 85 students of class IX science at MTS Al-Wasliyah Tembung. The instrument used to collect data was by interviewing the vice principal and biology teachers. While the students used a questionnaire for class IX science students as many as 15 items and the results of learning biology on genetic material. Based on the results of this study, it was found from interview data, questionnaires and grades obtained by students in science subjects, especially in genetic material, which was above the KKM with a value of 70, where class IX-3 consisted of 40 students with an average value of 75.75 and class IX-3 IX-5, which consists of 45 students with an average score of 77.22 and the effectiveness of the use of schoology conducted by MTS Al-Wasliyah Tembung during the covid-19 pandemic is 72% and has been running effectively. While the inhibiting factor for learning schoology during the covid-19 pandemic was because students did not have android phones which had an impact on students' delays in joining classes. In addition, the internet network and data packages are also a problem for students at MTS Al-Wasliyah Tembung.
Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is one of the most common types of anti-inflammatory drugs used by people to relieve pain and inflammation. However, aspirin consumption can cause damage to the duodenal mucosal epithelium because it is acidic and inhibits the production of prostaglandins that are important in maintaining the mucosa. Duodenal damage due to aspirin consumption can be repaired using natural ingredients from plants with antioxidant and anti-ulcer effects, one of which is kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) leaves. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of kenikir leaf extract against aspirin-induced histopathology and histomorphometry of the duodenum of male white rats. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of a normal group (feed and drink ad libitum), an aspirin group (induction of aspirin 200 mg/kgBW), and a treatment group with kenikir leaf extract at a dose of 700 mg/kgBW, 800 mg/kgBW, and 900 mg/kgBW. Preparation of histopathological preparations of the duodenum used the paraffin method with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's follow-up test. The results of the histopathology study showed a significant difference (p<0.05) on the integrity score of duodenal mucosal epithelial cells. Histomorphometry had a significant effect on the height villi, basal width, apical width, and villous area (p<0.05). It can be concluded that administration of kenikir leaf extract at a dose of 900 mg/kgBW was most effective in improving the histopathology and duodenal histomorphometry of aspirin-induced male white rats. Keywords: aspirin, duodenum, kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.)
ABSTRAKStaphylococcus epidermidis merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab penyakit kulit seperti jerawat. Getah jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan bahan alami yang terdapat di batang tanaman yang memiliki efek sebagai antibakteri, karena mengandung senyawa aktif berupa flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin dan saponin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi getah jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan dianalisis dengan uji One Way ANOVA dan uji Duncan dengan 4 konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%, kontrol positif yaitu kloramfenikol dan kontrol negatif yaitu akuades steril. Hasil statistik diameter zona hambat adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p0,05) pada setiap konsentrasi dilihat dari nilai diameter zona hambat. Konsentrasi getah jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis terdapat pada konsentrasi 100% (11,58 mm) dibandingkan konsentrasi 75% (9,10 mm), konsentrasi 50% (8,60 mm), dan konsentrasi 25% (7,10 mm), sedangkan untuk kontrol positif (18,07 mm) dan kontrol negatif (0,00 mm). Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa getah jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Kata Kunci : Getah Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Antibakteri. ABSTRACTStaphylococcus epidermidis on of the bacteria that causes skin diseases such as acne. Jatropha sap (Jatropha curcas L.) is a natural ingredient found in plat stems which has an antibacterial effect because it contains active compounds in the from of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The purposes of this study was to determine the concentration of jatropha sap (Jatropha curcas L.) in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. This study used a completely randomized design and analyzed by One Way ANOVA test and Duncan test with 4 concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, positive control namely chloramphenicol and aquades as negative control. The statistical results of the inhibition zone diameter showed a significant difference (p0,05) at each concentration seen from the value of the inhibition zone diameter. The concentration of jatropha sap (Jatropha curcas L.) which can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria is found at a concentration of 100% (11,5 mm) compared to a concentration of 75% (9,1 mm), a concentration of 50% (8,6 mm), and a concentration of 25% (7,1 mm), positive control (18,0 mm) and negative control (0,0 mm). it can be concluded that the jatropha sap (Jatropha curcas L.) has an effect on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. KeyWords : Jatropha sap (Jatropha curcas L.), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Antibacterial.
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