Nanoparticles typically have dimensions of less than 100 nm. Scientists around the world have recently become interested in nanotechnology because of its potential applications in a wide range of fields, including catalysis, gas sensing, renewable energy, electronics, medicine, diagnostics, medication delivery, cosmetics, the construction industry, and the food industry. The sizes and forms of nanoparticles (NPs) are the primary determinants of their properties. Nanoparticles’ unique characteristics may be explored for use in electronics (transistors, LEDs, reusable catalysts), energy (oil recovery), medicine (imaging, tumor detection, drug administration), and more. For the aforementioned applications, the synthesis of nanoparticles with an appropriate size, structure, monodispersity, and morphology is essential. New procedures have been developed in nanotechnology that are safe for the environment and can be used to reliably create nanoparticles and nanomaterials. This research aims to illustrate top-down and bottom-up strategies for nanomaterial production, and numerous characterization methodologies, nanoparticle features, and sector-specific applications of nanotechnology.
Group advertisement can help build brands, but dependability is what makes them preceding. If people believe they share values with an organization, they will remain loyal to the particular brand." There is only one boss "the customer" and he can fire everybody in the company, simply investing money somewhere else, he wants. Keeping in mind that costumers are a challenging aspect for organizations, our study aims to contribute in the brand loyalty. There is a rapid increase seen in the needs of brands in the market, now a day. Customers feel good, safe, proud, sophisticated, satisfied and obliged having brands, explained by research. As customers want brands and the main purpose of this research paper was to study the contribution of brand equity, perceived quality, consumer satisfaction, brand commitment, brand credibility, and brand trust for building brand loyalty. Also, present the role of brand loyalty on brand equity. Our study also explains that how can be the customers remain loyal with a brand and what they need in it and what will be the future of all this. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to collect data from randomly selected 200 female consumers of Stylo shoes in Pakistan. We constructed a structural model and tested it. The SPSS analysis was performed in order to check the fit of conceptual model presented. To evaluate the relationship between variables, correlation and regression analysis was also used. The findings of this study demonstrate that all the variables positively and significantly effects brand loyalty. Additionally, the relationship of brand loyalty and brand equity was also seen. This article and its findings have numerous limitations and give directions for future work.
This study was aimed to document the floristic attributes of the pteridophytes of District Tor Ghar; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Total 41 species distributed in 20 genera and 10 families were recognized. Dryopteridaceae was the largest family with 12 species (29.26%). Second and third large family is Pteridaceae and Thelypteridaceae with 10 (24.39%) and 5 (12.19%) species respectively. Like-wise, Dryopteris was the largest genus with 6 (14.63%) species. The main families were Aspleniaceae,
The current study includes Urdu translation and validation of Borderline Personality Features Scale–11 (BPFS-11) in two phases. Phase 1 included forward and back translation of BPFS-11, and Phase 2 included establishment of psychometric properties for BPFS-11. For this purpose, 930 adolescents were selected from different hospitals, schools, and colleges. The reliability value of the scale was .72. Exploratory factor analysis revealed factor structure with four principal dimensions; besides confirmatory factor analysis, goodness-of-fit indices indicated good fit of model to data, and two dimensions of scale and factors showed good values of internal consistency. The obtained value for goodness-of-fit index was .995, for adjusted goodness-of-fit index was .989, for comparative fit index was .998, for incremental fit index was .998, and for root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) value was .019. Good values of composite reliability and convergent validity were measured for both dimensions of the scale. The analysis of criterion-related validity showed significant positive correlation of BPFS-11 with Affective Lability Scale, Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, and neuroticism scale of Big Five Inventory. Significant differences were found between scores of individuals having borderline personality disorder and scores of normal individuals. The results of the current study indicated that BPFS-11 is short and easily administered diagnostic tool that has good psychometric properties and can be helpful for diagnosis of borderline personality features in adolescents. It can enhance the understanding of the participants regarding the statements of the scale for Urdu natives.
Objective: To define the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and its type i.e. sub-clinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in juvenile SLE. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration: The study was held at the rheumatology ward of the Children’s hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore from1st November 2019 to 30th April 2021. Sample Technique: Non probability consecutive sampling Material and methods: Inclusion Criteria had American college of rheumatology classification criteria for SLE filled by both female and male patients of 2-16 years. Consent was taken and all the data was written on pre designed proforma. Demographic data like age, gender and relevant history and examination was done to diagnose hypo or hyperthyroidism. Thyroid antibodies, 3 to 5 ml of venous blood for thyroid function tests of all patients were sent in laboratory and results were interpreted accordingly. Thyroid dysfunction and its types were labeled accordingly. Results: In the present study, 55.56% (n=50) were between 9-16 years of age whereas 44.44% (n=40) were between 2-8 years of age, out of 90 cases. Mean and Sd. was calculated as 9.73+3.29 years, 30% (n=27) were male while 70%(n=63) were females, frequency of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction was recorded in 28.89%(n=26), frequency of type of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction was recorded as 10%(n=9) for sub-clinical hypothyroidism, 11.11%(n=10) for Hypothyroidism and 7.78%(n=7) for hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: It is concluded that the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction is higher in our population, however, some-other studies are required to validate our findings. Keywords: Juvenile SLE, autoimmune thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism.
Background: Most of the couples conceive during first year of marriage and majority of the rest conceive during the second year. Few misfortune couples unable to conceive. Female factor are most common. Laparoscopy is a useful tool to evaluate female factor of infertility. Aim: To find out the frequency of common causes of primary infertility in females undergoing laparoscopy. Method: This is a retro respective cross sectional study, conducted in Health Care Centre (pvt) Ltd, Peshawar from July 2020-December 2021.All medically fit females having regular unprotected intercourse for at least one year and normal semen analysis report presented with infertility underwent laparoscopy after taking informed consent. Females with previous surgeries were excluded. Data was collected. Frequency and percentages of different causes of infertility calculated. Data was analyzed on SPSS. Result: Primary infertility was seen in 140 out of 210 patients. Among primary infertility 36 patients had normal laparoscopic finding. The common finding were PCOs 44 (31.4%), tubal factor, 23 (16.4%), fibroid 14 (10%), pelvic adhesions 10(7%), endometriosis 6 (4.3%), simple ovarian cyst 4(2.5%) & PID 3(2%). Conclusion: Life style modification should be advised at early ages. Laparoscopy has a beneficial role in evaluation of primary infertility. Keywords: Primary infertility, laparoscopy, conceive,
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