Classification, Synthetic, and Characterization Approaches to Nanoparticles, and Their Applications in Various Fields of Nanotechnology: A Review

Abstract

Nanoparticles typically have dimensions of less than 100 nm. Scientists around the world have recently become interested in nanotechnology because of its potential applications in a wide range of fields, including catalysis, gas sensing, renewable energy, electronics, medicine, diagnostics, medication delivery, cosmetics, the construction industry, and the food industry. The sizes and forms of nanoparticles (NPs) are the primary determinants of their properties. Nanoparticles’ unique characteristics may be explored for use in electronics (transistors, LEDs, reusable catalysts), energy (oil recovery), medicine (imaging, tumor detection, drug administration), and more. For the aforementioned applications, the synthesis of nanoparticles with an appropriate size, structure, monodispersity, and morphology is essential. New procedures have been developed in nanotechnology that are safe for the environment and can be used to reliably create nanoparticles and nanomaterials. This research aims to illustrate top-down and bottom-up strategies for nanomaterial production, and numerous characterization methodologies, nanoparticle features, and sector-specific applications of nanotechnology.

Analysis of Crystallographic Structures and Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using PKL Extract and Nanoscale Characterization Techniques

“…Among them, green synthesis methods can be considered the most sustainable and cost-effective methods for synthesizing nanoparticles from natural sources by using plants or microorganisms. Moreover, it helps to produce nanoparticles using a wide variety of physical, chemical, biological, and hybrid approaches. − In this study, the Pathor Kuchi leaf (PKL) extract was chosen for the green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles. Here, a green synthesis technique is used to produce silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate salt.…”

A Review of Transition Metal Sulfides as Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized and Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells

“…Several transition metal compounds have been used to substitute costly noble metal catalysts in the domains of hydro oxidation, hydrodesulfurization, and methanol oxidation [ 77 , 78 , 79 ]. Researchers continue to develop and improve electrode materials to suit the requirements of energy storage devices and generation systems while safeguarding the environment and reducing fossil fuel use through nanotechnology and renewable energy sources [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ]. Consequently, significant efforts have been made to develop non-precious metal catalysts, such as available transition metals (metal carbides, sulfides, oxides, and nitrides), which are unique energy storage materials [ 62 , 63 , 85 , 86 , 87 ].…”

Nanomaterials based sustainable bioenergy production systems: Current trends and future prospects

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