Osteoarthritic changes develop in SP with ageing. However, osteoarthritis in SP, was found to be clinically and radiologically different from that in other symphyseal joints, as SP hardly ever moves, and vertically processing interpubic disc combines pelvis girdle with counterforces, and is supported by very strong ligaments and muscles. Anterior and middle part of the SP joint is wider in women, because fibrocartilaginous disc is too thick to provide the mobility.

The aim of this study was to examine the existence of the extensor indicis et medii communis in detail. Thirty-one randomly selected adult cadavers (62 upper extremities) were examined for this project (22 males and 9 females between the ages 38 and 87). The muscle was observed in 3 of 62 hands, an incidence of 4.8%. One was in the right and the other two were in the left hands. Mean length and width of the muscle belly were 4.5 +/- 0.8 and 0.8 +/- 0.3 mm, respectively. Although the muscle did not have a junctura tendinum attachment between its two tendons, in one hand, the tendon to the index finger gave a thin slip to the tendon of the extensor digitorum communis for the same finger. Knowledge of variant muscle may be important when one is assessing the traumatized or diseased hand.

There was a linear correlation between the femoral width and the adductor tubercle-joint line distance irrespective of any factors such as age, gender and height. Therefore, the adductor tubercle can be used as a reliable landmark to determine the joint line level for easy evaluation and measurement during surgery.

Our objective was to investigate the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) immuno-reactivity and the ultrastructure of endothelial cells of a human umbilical artery in both normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. The umbilical cords from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies were collected immediately after vaginal and abdominal deliveries. Umbilical arteries were isolated and fixed in 10% neutral formaline solution, embedded in paraffin, and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for the histologic investigation, and eNOS activation were examined in samples by streptavidine-biotine immunohistochemical methods. The arterial sections were also fixed in phosphate-buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution (pH 7.2) for 3 h and post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide at 4°C for 2 h for the investigation of the ultrastructural examination. In the umbilical artery of preeclamptic pregnancies, endothelial cells were oval, triangular, or polygonal, and were disorganized. Some endothelial cells were separated by enlarged intercellular spaces. A dilated endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria, and vanished mitochondrial cristae were observed. The nuclei of some endothelial cells displayed deep invaginations and irregular outlines. Most endothelial cells had a high number of cytoplasmic vacuoles. In preeclampsia, eNOS immunoreactivity increased considerably in endothelial cells when compared to normal pregnancies. We believe that preeclampsia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endothelial cell dysfunction and activation in the umbilical artery. However, the disturbance mechanism of endothelial cells is not known, and further studies are necessary to clarify the exact mechanism.

No abstract

ÖZETPrematüre retinopatisi (PR), gebeliğin üçüncü trimesterinde ya da öncesinde doğan bebeklerde, retinanın normal vaskülarizasyonunun tamamlanamaması ya da anormal damarlanması ile karakterize bir hastalık-tır (1) . Prematüre retinopatisinin etiyolojisi ve patogenezi tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte çocukluk çağı önlenebilir körlük nedenleri arasında ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır (2) . Dünyada 50.000 çocukta PR nedeniyle körlük, daha fazlasında ciddi görme bozuklukları olduğu; PR gelişen çocuklarda körlük insidansının İngiltere ve ABD'de % 3-% 13 iken; Arjantin, Küba ve Çin'de sırasıyla % 60, % 38,6 ve % 1,9 olduğu bildirilmektedir (3) . Ayrıca PR beyaz ırkta (% 7,4) siyahlara (% 3,2) göre; Alaskalı (% 24,9) ve Asyalılarda (% 15,9), beyazlardan (% 6,3) ve siyahlardan (% 4,6) daha yüksek oranda görülmektedir (4)

The correlation coeYcient between the posterior SP distances and age are expressed as follows:The results section of the abstract in the Wrst page third line:(r = ¡0.150; P < 0.001) In Table 2 r = ¡0.150, P < 0.001The online version of the original article can be found under