The extensor indicis et medii communis

Yalçın, Bülent; Kutoğlu, Tunç; Ozan, Hasan; Gürbüz, Hülya

doi:10.1002/ca.20173

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Yalçin et al [47] stated that the common origin of the EIP and the EMP and the occurrence of the EIMC suggest a single embryologic origin of these muscles. Straus [39] demonstrated that the EMP or EIMC is frequently found in the Old World monkey, whereas they are variable in humans.…”

Section: Comparative Anatomy and Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The overall prevalence of EIP Twenty-one studies reported the prevalence of EIP [1,2,4,6,7,10,12,15,16,18,19,21,24,26,29,32,42,47,48,50] with a total of 3858 hands and a PPE of 96.5 % (95 % CI 0.928-0.989, I 2 = 96.2 %). The prevalence of the EIP in the included studies is shown in Table 2.…”

Section: The Prevalence Of Eipmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The EIP is relatively constant in the chimpanzee, gorilla and humans. This phylogenetic comparison between species would suggest that both EMP and EIMC are evolutionary remnants rather than variations of a normal arrangement [47]. On the other hand, the EPI muscle is rare in humans but is commonly found in the dog, fox, wolf, jackal, panther, and the dingo [39,45].…”

Section: Comparative Anatomy and Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of the extensor indicis tendon and its variants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yammine

2014

Surg Radiol Anat

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The tendon of the extensor indicis (EI) is frequently used to restore the loss of function in other digits. However, it shows many variations which include splitting of the extensor indicis proprius (EIP) into two or three distal slips, attachment to fingers other than the index such as the extensor medii proprius (EMP), attachment onto the index and the third finger such as the extensor indicis et medii communis, or attachment to both the index and the thumb such as the extensor pollicis et indicis (EPI). This systematic review gathers the available data on the prevalence of EI tendon and its variation in the hand. Twentynine cadaveric studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 3858 hands. Meta-analysis results yielded an overall pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) of EI of 96.5 % and PPEs of 92.6, 7.2 and 0.3 % for the single-, double-and triple-slip EIP, respectively. The single-slip EIP is frequently inserted on the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum communis of the index (EDC-index) in 98.3 %. The double-slip EIP is located on the ulnar side of the EDC-index in 53.5 %, on its radial side in 17 % and on both sides in 28.7 %. Indian populations showed the highest rate of single-slip EIP and the lowest rate of double-slip EIP when compared to Japanese, Europeans and North Americans. The pooled prevalence of EMP, EMIC and EPI were 3.7, 1.6 and 0.75 %, respectively. Knowledge of the variants of the EI tendon and their prevalence should help surgeons in correctly choosing the tendon to transfer in hand surgery.Keywords Extensor indicis proprius Á Extensor medii proprius Á Extensor indicis et medii Á Communis Á Extensor pollicis et indicis Á Anatomy Á Meta-analysis

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Section: Comparative Anatomy and Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: The Prevalence Of Eipmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Comparative Anatomy and Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of the extensor indicis tendon and its variants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yammine

2014

Surg Radiol Anat

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“…7,9 Wood 13 termed the EIP muscle that attached to the middle and ring fingers as the extensor medii proprius. 14 The incidence of the extensor medii proprius (or extensor indicis et medii) is between 2--5%. 2,7,15 EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI (EXTENSOR DIGITI QUINTI)…”

Section: Extensor Indicis Propriusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensors of the hand

Chen

Gonzalez

Mohan

2013

Current Orthopaedic Practice

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The complex yet delicate anatomy of the hand allows for the array of functions it can accomplish. The coupled forces of flexion and extension with respect to each joint keep the digits in balance. To comprehend the sophisticated functions of the extensor tendons, one must have a clear appreciation for both the myriad of anatomical variations described in the literature and the dynamic forces occurring within this physical system. With an awareness of the possible aberrations and an understanding of these principles, the surgeon can make better preoperative and intraoperative decisions when dealing with a diseased or traumatized hand. To this extent, anatomical and functional variations documented in the literature are described here to better appreciate the extensor system of the hand with surgical applications in mind.

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“…[7][8][9][10] In va ri o us cli ni cal and ana to mi cal stu di es, ana to mic va ri a ti ons, ar ran ge ment and preva len ce of the se ten dons ha ve be en do cu men ted. In li te ra tu re, the in ci den ce of the se musc les and the in ser ti on po ints of the ir ten dons ha ve be en con trover si al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Features of the Extensors to the Index Finger

Bilge¹,

Gövsa²,

Pınar³

et al. 2010

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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oth the extensor digitorum indicis (ED-indicis) and the extensor indicis proprius (EIP) muscles, together or individually, produce the extension of the index finger joints. [1][2][3][4] The independent ability to extend the index finger is thought to be caused by the independent function of the EIP tendon and the lack of a juncturae tethering the ED-indicis to the extensor pollicis. The variations of the extensor tendons to the index finger were examined in fifty-four dissected hands. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : The most common pattern of the tendons was a single extensor digitorum indicis (ED-indicis) and a single EIP. The EIP was observed as a single tendon in 87.03% of the specimens, and as a double tendon in 12.96% of them. The EMP was seen in 24.07% of the specimens. In one hand, the muscle had a shared belly with the EMP and the EIMP. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : The existence of the supernumerary tendons was more frequently encountered at the ulnar side of the ED-indicis than at the radial side. These extra tendons may be of great value in cases of traumatized hands which require tendinoplasty.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Anatomy; hand; hand deformities; trigger finger disorder Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Ekstensor indicis proprius (EIP), ekstensor medii proprius (EMP) ve ekstensor indicis medii proprius (EIMP) sadece ekstensiyon fonksiyonu olmanın yanı sıra el cerrahisinde greft olarak da önemli kaslardır. Travma, romatoid artrit, ulnar sinir felci ve elin tenar kaslarının atrofisi gibi elin cerrahi yöntemle tedavisi gerektiren durumlarda EIP, EMP ve EIMP kasları, tendon transferi açısından uygun kaslardır. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Elli dört elde işaret parmağın ekstensör kaslarının varyasyonları incelendi. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : En sık rastlanılan tendon örneği tek ekstensor digitorum indicis (ED-indicis) ve tek EIP'di. EIP olguların %87.03'sinde tek ve %12.96'sında çift tendon olarak bulundu. EMP'ye ise %24.07 sıklıkla rastlanıldı. Bir elde EMP ve EIMP kasları ortak karınlı olarak görüldü. S So on nu uç ç: : İşaret parmağın tendon sayı fazlalığına ED-indicis'in radial tarafından daha çok, ulnar tarafında rastlanıldı. Bu tendonların, tendon tamiri gerektiren hasarlı ellerde bir değeri olacağı inancındayız.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Anatomi; el; el deformiteleri; tetik parmak bozukluğu T Tu ur rk ki iy ye e K Kl li in ni ik kl le er ri i J J M Me ed d S Sc ci i 2 20 01 10 0; ;3 30 0(

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The extensor indicis et medii communis

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

The prevalence of the extensor indicis tendon and its variants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The prevalence of the extensor indicis tendon and its variants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Extensors of the hand

Anatomical Features of the Extensors to the Index Finger

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