Although temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been associated with abnormal gray matter volumes in cortical areas and in the striatum, the corticostriatal functional connectivity (FC) of patients with TMD has not been studied. Here, we studied 30 patients with TMD and 20 healthy controls that underwent clinical evaluations, including Helkimo indices, pain assessments, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The FCs of the striatal regions with the other brain areas were examined with a seed-based approach. As seeds, we used the dorsal caudate, ventral caudate/nucleus accumbens, dorsal caudal putamen, and ventral rostral putamen regions. Voxel-wise comparisons with controls revealed that the patients with TMD exhibited reduced FCs in the ventral corticostriatal circuitry, between the ventral striatum and ventral frontal cortices, including the anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula; in the dorsal corticostriatal circuitry, between the dorsal striatum and the dorsal cortices, including the precentral gyrus and supramarginal gyrus; and also within the striatum. Additionally, we explored correlations between the reduced corticostriatal FCs and clinical measurements. These results directly supported the hypothesis that TMD is associated with reduced FCs in brain corticostriatal networks and that these reduced FCs may underlie the deficits in motor control, pain processing, and cognition in TMD. Our findings may contribute to the understanding of the etiologies and pathologies of TMD.
This study investigated the antibacterial activity and cell adhesion of commercially pure titanium (Ti) surfaces modified by zinc plasma immersion ion implantation (Zn-PIII) treatments for dental implant application. An X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, atomic force microscope, and scanning electron microscope were utilized to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of Zn-PIII Ti specimens. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), common oral bacteria which often cause complications in combination with dental implantation, were seeded onto the modified Ti surfaces for 48h in order to study the antibacterial effect of the surface. The attachment and proliferation of murine osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) on the Zn-PIII Ti surface were investigated using acridine orange fluorescence staining and a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the Zn-PIII treatment influenced the surface topography of the Ti specimens, and that Zn singles on Zn-PIII-treated Ti surfaces increased with increased Zn-implanted time. The numbers of bacteria that adhered to Zn-PIIItreated Ti surfaces were significantly less than for untreated Ti, and gradually decreased with increasing Zn concentration. In addition, the adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 on Ti were improved by Zn-PIII treatment (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the Zn-PIII modified surface-layer-formed Ti could consequently restrain bacterial adhesion of P. gingivalis, and could enhance the cell proliferation and adhesion to Ti surfaces for dental implant application.
View related articlesView Crossmark data
Citing articles: 4 View citing articlesThe dosage effects of dexamethasone on osteogenic activity andbiocompatibility of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxyapatite nanofibers
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.