Aims To investigate clinically relevant subtypes of perinatal depressive symptoms. Design Cross‐sectional study. Methods A sample of 2,783 women at different prenatal and postnatal periods was recruited between August 2015 – August 2017. The Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ‐9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Data analyses consisted of latent class analysis (LCA), analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regression. Results (a) Five latent subtypes (Classes 5/4/3/1/2) were identified: ‘no symptoms’, ‘mild physio‐somatic symptoms’, ‘severe physio‐somatic symptoms and moderate anhedonia’, ‘moderate‐to‐severe symptoms’ and ‘severe symptoms’; (b) Postpartum women were more likely to belong to the severe depressive symptoms group, whereas pregnant women were likely to report severe physio‐somatic symptoms; and (c) History of abortion and perinatal complications increased the likelihood of belonging to all moderate‐to‐severe classes. Lower levels of education increased the probability of belonging to Class 2. Younger women were more likely to be categorized into Classes 1 and 2. Conclusions This is the first study to examine heterogeneity of perinatal depressive symptoms and delineate the characteristics of subtypes at different prenatal and postnatal periods via the PHQ‐9, using LCA in a Chinese general population. Impact This research details the heterogeneity of perinatal depressive symptoms and delineates the characteristics of subtypes at different prenatal and postnatal periods in a Chinese general population.

Understanding the relative effect of job stressors may help identify fruitful areas for intervention and improve nurse recruitment and retention.

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Latent class analysis can be used to identify clusters of depressive symptoms in patients with cancer. Such groupings may hasten the development of individualized intervention approaches tailored to patients' specific depressive clusters.

ObjectivesTo examine a conceptual model of posttraumatic growth (PTG) with the inclusion of family resilience as a mediator, and social support, individual resilience, maternal care, and family members’ intimacy after trauma as protective factors.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out in a sample of 134 college nursing students who had a parent with a non-congenital disability. The Socio-demographic Information Questionnaire, the Chinese version of Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10), Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) were used to collect data.ResultsResults showed that social support, individual resilience, maternal care, and family members’ intimacy after trauma positively predicted family resilience (β = 0.41, 0.20, 0.20, 0.22, all P＜0.01), respectively, and indirectly predicted PTG through family resilience. Family resilience positively predicted PTG (β = 0.25, P＜0.01). Moreover, individual resilience directly positively predicted PTG (β = 0.25, P＜0.001).ConclusionsFamily resilience could facilitate PTG in nursing students in the face of parental disability. Interventions to promote PTG among college nursing students who have experienced parental disability should consider individual or family resilience-based intervention.