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Two-dimensional (2D) imine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted great interest for gas uptake, catalysis, drug delivery, electronic devices, and photocatalytic applications. The synthetic methodologies involved in imine-linked COF formations such as solvothermal synthesis usually require harsh experimental conditions. In this work, we show for the first time how highly crystalline COFs with very high surface areas (3.6 times higher than using conventional approaches) can be prepared by combining a mechanochemical and crystallization approach. More importantly, this facile method is a general route to novel composites of COF and metal oxides including Fe3O4, Co3O4, and NiO. The composites can be used as magnetically recoverable adsorbents and show a strong redox-activity making them interesting for applications in electrochemical energy storage.

Nitrogen-doped carbon aerogels (NCAs) have received great attention for a wide range of applications, from thermal electronics to waste water purification, heavy metal or gas adsorption, energy storage, and catalyst supports. Herein NCAs are developed via the synthesis of a Schiff-base porous organic polymer aerogel followed by pyrolysis. By controlling the pyrolysis temperature, the polymer aerogel can be simply converted into porous NCAs with a low bulk density (5 mg cm −3 ), high surface area (2356 m 2 g −1 ), and high bulk porosity (70%). The NCAs containing 1.8-5.3 wt% N atoms exhibit remarkable CO 2 uptake capacities (6.1 mmol g −1 at 273 K and 1 bar, 33.1 mmol g −1 at 323 K and 30 bar) and high ideal adsorption solution theory selectivity (47.8) at ambient pressure. Supercapacitors fabricated with NCAs display high specific capacitance (300 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 ), fast rate (charge to 221 F g −1 within only 17 s), and high stability (retained >98% capacity after 5000 cycles). Asymmetric supercapacitors assembled with NCAs also show high energy density and power density with maximal values of 30.5 Wh kg −1 and 7088 W kg −1 , respectively. The outstanding CO 2 uptake and energy storage abilities are attributed to the ultra-high surface area, N-doping, conductivity, and rigidity of NCA frameworks.

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Upgrading ethanol to higher order alcohols is desired but difficult using current biotechnological methods.

Our recent studies have shown that hypothermic microenvironment promotes tumor progression and that the molecular sensors for cold are the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels TRPM8 and TRPA1. To evaluate the contribution of TRPM8 and TRPA1 to cancer malignancy, we screened cell subpopulations from Lewis lung cancer (LLC) using limiting dilutions and Western blotting. We identified that LLC-1 cells express 3-fold more TRPM8 than TRPA1, LLC-2 cells express TRPM8 at levels similar to TRPA1, and LLC-3 cells express TRPM8 at one-third the level of TRPA1. LLC-2 cells showed greater adhesion, migration, invasiveness and resistance to hypothermia than LLC-1 and LLC-3 cells, although LLC-2 cells had a longer doubling time. TRPM8 or TRPA1 knockdown using siRNA promoted cell proliferation and decreased adhesion and invasiveness in LLC-2 cells. When assessed for UCP2 staining, LLC-1 cells showed increased staining compared to LLC-2 cells, both of which had more UCP2-positive cells than the LLC-3 subpopulation. In an autophagy assay, hypothermia induced substantially less autophagy in LLC-1 cells than in LLC-2 cells, which displayed decreased autophagy compared to LLC-3 cells. Moreover, mice injected with LLC-2 cells had significantly more spontaneous and experimental lung metastases and a shorter overall survival time than mice injected with LLC-1 or LLC-3 cells. Importantly, LLC-2 cells were also more resistant to activated spleen CTL and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin than LLC-1 and LLC-3 cells in vitro. Collectively, our data suggest that TRPM8 induces UCP2 to trigger metabolic transformation, whereas TRPA1 induces autophagy during adverse conditions, and the combination of both genes contributes directly to an invasive phenotype in lung cancer.

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