Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an emerging approach for harvesting energy from the living environment. But its performance is limited by the maximum density of surface charges created by contact electrification. Here, by rationally designing a synchronous rotation structure, a charge pumping strategy is realized for the first time in a rotary sliding TENGs, which is demonstrated to enhance the charge density by a factor of 9, setting up a record for rotary TENGs. The average power is boosted by more than 15 times compared with normal TENGs, achieving an ultrahigh average power density of 1.66 kW m−3, under a low drive frequency of 2 Hz. Moreover, the charge pumping mechanism enables decoupling of bound charge generation and the severity of interfacial friction in the main TENG, allowing surface lubricants to be applied for suppressing abrasion and lowering heat generation. The adaptability of the strategy to rotation and sliding type TENGs in low‐frequency agitations provides a breakthrough to the bottleneck of power output for mechanical energy harvesting, and should have a great impact on high‐power TENG design and practical applications in various fields.

The high‐voltage and low‐current output characteristics of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) make itself difficult for directly powering small electronic devices. A power management circuit (PMC) is indispensable to address the impedance mismatch issue. In this paper, a TENG with a unidirectional switch (TENG‐UDS) is developed, which can provide the maximized output energy regardless of the load resistance. A passive PMC with a simple structure and high energy storage efficiency is designed based on this TENG‐UDS, which is made up of all passive electronic components, including an inductor, a diode, and a capacitor. Theoretical calculations show that the theoretical energy storage efficiency of the passive PMC can reach 75.8%. In the actual experiment of charging a capacitor, the measured energy storage efficiency can reach 48.0%. It is demonstrated that the electronic watch and high‐brightness quantum dot light‐emitting diode can be driven by using the TENG‐UDS with the passive PMC, which cannot be achieved without the PMC. The passive PMC for TENG‐UDS has the advantages of simple structure, low energy consumption, and high energy storage efficiency, which provides a promising method for the power management and practical application of TENG.

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