“…In the first cycle of operation, the transferred charges Q began at 0 (state I) and started to increase when the TENG voltage reached V C (state II). The concept of maximizing output energy transfer by modulating the charging cycle was also realized by using an electrostatic vibrator switch [70] or an air-discharge switch, [71] with the advantage of no additional switch-control unit. As the slider moved in the reverse direction, the charging process did not start until the output voltage of TENG reached −V C (state IV) and stopped when the slider moved back to the original position (state V).…”
As the world is marching into the era of the internet of things (IoTs) and artificial intelligence, the most vital development for hardware is a multifunctional array of sensing systems, which forms the foundation of the fourth industrial revolution toward an intelligent world. Given the need for mobility of these multitudes of sensors, the success of the IoTs calls for distributed energy sources, which can be provided by solar, thermal, wind, and mechanical triggering/vibrations. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for mechanical energy harvesting developed by Z.L. Wang's group is one of the best choices for this energy for the new era, since triboelectrification is a universal and ubiquitous effect with an abundant choice of materials. The development of self‐powered active sensors enabled by TENGs is revolutionary compared to externally powered passive sensors, similar to the advance from wired to wireless communication. In this paper, the fundamental theory, experiments, and applications of TENGs are reviewed as a foundation of the energy for the new era with four major application fields: micro/nano power sources, self‐powered sensors, large‐scale blue energy, and direct high‐voltage power sources. A roadmap is proposed for the research and commercialization of TENG in the next 10 years.
“…In the first cycle of operation, the transferred charges Q began at 0 (state I) and started to increase when the TENG voltage reached V C (state II). The concept of maximizing output energy transfer by modulating the charging cycle was also realized by using an electrostatic vibrator switch [70] or an air-discharge switch, [71] with the advantage of no additional switch-control unit. As the slider moved in the reverse direction, the charging process did not start until the output voltage of TENG reached −V C (state IV) and stopped when the slider moved back to the original position (state V).…”
As the world is marching into the era of the internet of things (IoTs) and artificial intelligence, the most vital development for hardware is a multifunctional array of sensing systems, which forms the foundation of the fourth industrial revolution toward an intelligent world. Given the need for mobility of these multitudes of sensors, the success of the IoTs calls for distributed energy sources, which can be provided by solar, thermal, wind, and mechanical triggering/vibrations. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for mechanical energy harvesting developed by Z.L. Wang's group is one of the best choices for this energy for the new era, since triboelectrification is a universal and ubiquitous effect with an abundant choice of materials. The development of self‐powered active sensors enabled by TENGs is revolutionary compared to externally powered passive sensors, similar to the advance from wired to wireless communication. In this paper, the fundamental theory, experiments, and applications of TENGs are reviewed as a foundation of the energy for the new era with four major application fields: micro/nano power sources, self‐powered sensors, large‐scale blue energy, and direct high‐voltage power sources. A roadmap is proposed for the research and commercialization of TENG in the next 10 years.
“…Cheng et al designed a self‐triggered discharge strategy for the management of triboelectricity, as shown in Figure a, and it consists of a tungsten tip electrode and a stainless steel plate electrode. The working mechanism is only when the output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage of inducing air discharge, the switch is triggered and output electricity.…”
Section: Buck Conversion For Tengsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…b) Output peak power and c) output energy per cycle on load resistances. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2018, Elsevier.…”
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have demonstrated enormous potential applications for acquiring human motion energy and ambient mechanical energy, which is the foundation of energy for the new era. However, with alternating current (AC) pulse and huge inherent impedance, the TENGs usually exhibit low‐energy supply efficiency when either powering conventional electronics or charging energy storage devices directly. Efficient power management has always been a technical bottleneck for the TENGs toward practical applications in self‐powered microsystems. Over the past years, several strategies of power management have been proposed, such as rectification, electromagnetic transformation, capacitive transformation, and direct current (DC) conversion, which can be used for voltage regulation, impedance matching, and efficiency improvement for electronics. Herein, the recent advances on power management for TENGs are systematically reviewed and analyzed, which has exhibited manageable triboelectric power by electronics as an important research issue of TENGs. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives in this field are discussed.
“…Currently, there are several automatic switching methods that can be applied to TENG devices, as shown in Figure 7 . The first one is the plasma-based switch [ 95 , 96 ]. A tip-electrode structure can be used as a switch, which generates current pulses when the voltage from the TENG device exceeds the threshold of air breakdown ( Figure 7 (A1)).…”
Section: The Development Of Teng-based Self-powered Nerve Stimulatmentioning
Neuroprosthetics have become a powerful toolkit for clinical interventions of various diseases that affect the central nervous or peripheral nervous systems, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), functional electrical stimulation (FES), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), by electrically stimulating different neuronal structures. To prolong the lifetime of implanted devices, researchers have developed power sources with different approaches. Among them, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is the only one to achieve direct nerve stimulations, showing great potential in the realization of a self-powered neuroprosthetic system in the future. In this review, the current development and progress of the TENG-based stimulation of various kinds of nervous systems are systematically summarized. Then, based on the requirements of the neuroprosthetic system in a real application and the development of current techniques, a perspective of a more sophisticated neuroprosthetic system is proposed, which includes components of a thin-film TENG device with a biocompatible package, an amplification circuit to enhance the output, and a self-powered high-frequency switch to generate high-frequency current pulses for nerve stimulations. Then, we review and evaluate the recent development and progress of each part.
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