Chemical grouting techniques are used as ground improvement methods to obtain stable ground. In this method, soft sandy soils are solidified by injecting liquid solidification agents into the soils to prevent liquefaction as well as to increase strength. In this study, liquid glass grouting agents containing liquid glass with a higher polymerization degree (No. 5 liquid glass grouting agents) are being developed and discussed while focusing on the liquid agents to be used for chemical grouting techniques. Specifically, the solidification properties of No. 5 liquid glass grouting agents and the influence of the molar ratio of liquid glass to the strength and shrinkage characteristics of sand-gel and homo-gel are experimentally studied. As a result, the sand-gel made of No. 5 liquid glass grouting agents is superior in strength and has smaller shrinkage ratios after gelation, and therefore, is superior in soil improvement.
Water-swelling friction reducing materials (WSFRMs) are commonly used as a "pulling-out assisting material" for temporary works such as steel sheet-piles and H-steels that are required to be removed and collected after use. Generally, WSFRMs are coated to steel sheet-piles and H-steels before these are driven into the ground or placed in mortar fluid. The WSFRMs absorb moisture in the ground or mortar to swell and form a swelling membrane over the piles. Then, the membrane works also as a lubricating membrane and as a result it can reduce friction. The authors pay attention to these characteristics of WSFRMs and try to develop a special material that can swell only when soaked in an alkaline moisture environment without swelling in acid or a neutral water environment, in addition to the conventional material that swells in any type of moisture environment. In this paper, considering that both types (alkaline and conventional) of WSFRMs are used as "pulling-out assisting material" for temporary steel sheet-piles and Hsteels, we perform through experiments on the swelling ratios of the materials as well as on the pulling-out characteristics of the steel flat-bar to which the WSFRMs are coated in advance.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.