Abstract:Water-swelling friction reducing materials (WSFRMs) are commonly used as a "pulling-out assisting material" for temporary works such as steel sheet-piles and H-steels that are required to be removed and collected after use. Generally, WSFRMs are coated to steel sheet-piles and H-steels before these are driven into the ground or placed in mortar fluid. The WSFRMs absorb moisture in the ground or mortar to swell and form a swelling membrane over the piles. Then, the membrane works also as a lubricating membrane … Show more
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