There is great diversity in swine coccidia, which are responsible for causing intestinal disorders ranging from sporadic diarrhea to severe cases of hemorrhagic enteritis. Thus, determining the species of coccidia that affect the animals of a region and associating them with the characteristics of the farms become extremely important. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of coccidia parasites in pigs reared in a family farming production system in the Semiarid Region of the State of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. Fecal samples for analysis were collected from 187 pigs on 51 farms. For morphological analysis, 1,590 sporulated oocysts were used. The prevalence of oocysts in fecal samples was 56.6% (106/187). The most prevalent species were Eimeria suis (21.9%), followed by Eimeria neodebliecki (16.6%), Eimeria perminuta (14.9%), Eimeria polita (12.8%), Eimeria debliecki (10.6%), Eimeria porci (10.1%), Cystoisospora suis (3.7%), Eimeria scabra (1.6%) and Eimeria cerdonis (0.5%). It can be concluded that pigs from the Semiarid Region of the State of Paraíba were parasitized by a diversity of coccidia species, mainly of the genus Eimeria, and predominantly presented with mixed infections occurring in the subclinical form.
Leptospirosis is a major threat to public health worldwide; however, there is no study focused on global seropositivity in pigs. In this study, we grouped publications and performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to gather data related to swine leptospirosis seropositivity published globally. The search method initially used returned a total of 1183 results, of which 20 met all predefined criteria and were therefore included in this review. Meta-analysis with general data was performed and a combined seropositivity of 21.95% was found. Seropositivity was 36.40% in South America, 34.05% in North America, 22.18% in Africa, 17.40% in Oceania, 13.30% in Europe and 13.36% in Asia. The results suggest that there is high seropositivity for leptospirosis in pigs worldwide. Information compiled from this research is relevant to understanding the spread of leptospirosis globally. It is expected that these indicators will contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease with a focus on its control and, consequently, on the reduction of cases in the human and animal population.
As doenças transmitidas por alimentos tem o manipulador de alimentos como um fator de risco para sua ocorrência, quando falhas são cometidas no processo de produção dos alimentos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o nível de conhecimento dos manipuladores de alimentos dos restaurantes tipo self-service do município de Patos – PB, quanto as boas práticas de manipulação. A pesquisa se deu por meio de aplicação de um questionário estruturado contendo 34 questões relacionadas às características sociodemográficas e ao conhecimento sobre boas práticas de manipulação para 65 manipuladores de alimentos de 25 restaurantes self-service, selecionados a partir dos estabelecimentos cadastrados na Vigilância Sanitária Municipal. Na classificação do nível de conhecimento foi adotado como satisfatória uma porcentagem igual ou superior a 60% de acertos. Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva. Para os dados sociodemográficos, o estudo mostrou a predominância dos seguintes fatores: sexo feminino (95,0%), faixa etária de 40 a 49 anos (36,9%), ensino fundamental incompleto (36,95%), não realizam exames admissionais e/ou de rotina (75,4%) e parasitológico de fezes (40,0%), nunca participou de treinamento (60,0%). O nível de conhecimento dos manipuladores foi considerado como satisfatório sendo com média de acertos de 89,16%. Diante dos resultados obtidos, apesar dos manipuladores apresentarem um nível de conhecimento satisfatório, não o põe em prática, sendo necessária uma capacitação periódica para melhorar a qualificação profissional dos manipuladores, visando o fornecimento de alimentos seguros e minimizando os riscos de ocorrências de doenças transmitidas por alimentares. Palavras-chave: Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos. Manipuladores. Boas Práticas. Segurança dos Alimentos. Abstract The foodborne diseases have the food handler as a risk factor for its occurrence, when failures are made in the food production process. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of food handlers in self-service restaurants in the municipality of Patos - PB, regarding the good handling practices. The research took place through the application of a structured questionnaire containing 34 questions related to sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge about good handling practices, for 65 food handlers from 25 self-service restaurants, selected from establishments registered with the Municipal Health Surveillance. In the classification of the level of knowledge, a percentage equal to or greater than 60% of correct answers was adopted as satisfactory. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. For sociodemographic data, the study showed the predominance of the following factors: female gender (95,0%), age group 40-49 years (36,9%), incomplete elementary school (36,95%), do not perform admission exams and/or routine (75,4%) and parasitological stools (40,0%), never participated in training (60,0%). The level of knowledge of the manipulators was considered satisfactory, with an average of 89,16% correct answers. In view of the results obtained, despite the manipulators having a satisfactory level of knowledge, it does not put it into practice, requiring periodic training to improve the professional qualification of the manipulators, aiming at providing safe food and minimizing the risks of foodborne diseases. Keywords: Foodborne Diseases. Manipulators. Good Practices. Food Safety.
Restaurantes self-service são muito procurados pelos consumidores que costumam se alimentar fora do lar. A alface é uma das hortaliças mais consumidas no Brasil, principalmente crua, sendo importante sua higienização, para evitar doenças alimentares. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e parasitológica de alfaces (Lactuca sativa) prontas para consumo, e a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica da água de consumo de restaurantes tipo self-service no município de Patos, Paraíba. Foram coletadas amostras de alface e água de 25 restaurantes. Nas amostras de alface foram realizadas a contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, e a pesquisa de Salmonella, Escherichia coli e parasitos. Nas amostras de água foram feitas avaliações de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli e análises físico-químicas de cor, turbidez e pH. Foi constatado que 100% das amostras analisadas apresentaram coliformes totais, e 60% apresentaram coliformes termotolerantes acima do tolerado pela legislação brasileira. Foi detectada a presença de Salmonella spp. em 12% das amostras de alface e oocistos de protozoários em 4% e 56% das amostras de água estavam impróprias para consumo. Os estabelecimentos estudados apresentaram condições higiênico-sanitárias insatisfatórias. Palavras-chave: Verduras. Risco Sanitário. Coliformes. Parasitos. Qualidade da Água. Abstract Self-service restaurants are much sought after by consumers who tend to eat out. Lettuce is one of the most consumed vegetables in Brazil, mainly raw, and its sanitization is important, in order to avoid foodborne diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and parasitological quality of lettuces (Lactuca sativa) ready for consumption and the physical-chemical and microbiological quality of the drinking water of the self-service restaurants in the municipality of Patos, Paraíba. Samples of lettuce and water were collected from 25 restaurants. In the samples of lettuce were carried out the count of total and thermotolerant coliforms and coagulase positive Staphylococcus, and the also the search for Salmonella, Escherichia coli and parasites. In the samples of water was made the evaluations of total coliforms and Escherichia coli and physical and chemical analysis of color, turbidity and pH. It was found that 100% of the samples of lettuce presented total coliforms, and 60% presented thermotolerant coliforms above the tolerated by the Brazilian legislation. The presence of Salmonella spp. was detected in 12% of the samples of lettuce and protozoan oocysts in 4%. In addition, 56% of the samples of water were unfit for consumption. The establishments studied presented unsatisfactory hygienic and sanitary conditions. Keywords: Vegetables. Health Risk. Coliforms. Parasites. Water Quality.
Donkeys (Equus asinus) are historically known for their close relationship to humanity, which raises the need to study zoonotic diseases that affect them. In this perspective, leptospirosis stands out as a disease with an economic and public health impact, and its occurrence is facilitated in times of higher rainfall indexes, especially in large urban centers. In view of the scarcity of information about leptospirosis in donkeys, the objective of this study was to detect the presence of Leptospira spp. and anti-leptospiral antibodies in donkeys rescued by a zoonosis center located in the Caatiga biome, Brazilian semiarid region. Overall, 30 donkeys of both sexes, aged between 4 months and 15 years, were used, from which 64 serum samples were collected and submitted to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). In addition, 64 samples of urine, vaginal and preputial fluid, in duplicates, were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microbiological. Sixteen (53.3%) animals tested positive in at least one diagnostic test, 12 (40%) of which were positive at MAT and seven (23.3%) in the molecular and bacteriological detection (urine, vaginal, and preputial fluid samples). This is the first report identifying donkeys infected with Leptospira spp. by molecular and bacteriological diagnosis in Brazil, and the first in the world to detect this agent in their genital fluids. The study also shows that donkeys are commonly exposed to leptospires in the Caatinga biome, and this constitutes a One Health-based concern, demonstrating the importance of broad studies where large numbers of humans and animals coexist when investigating zoonotic infections and when planning and implementing control measures for donkeys-associated leptospirosis.
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