The question of whether personality traits or the relationship among marital partners is more significant for the importance of sexuality and satisfaction in sexual interaction was examined. It was demonstrated that only interaction variables were significant, satisfying sexual relationships existing only in happy marriages. Correspondence between the partners was quite good for "satisfaction in sexual interaction," but there was no correlation for the importance sexuality had for both partners. The comparison between the two sexes additionally showed that for women sexuality was less important and satisfying compared to men. This relationship held during various stages of the marital relationship.
In his theory on sexuality and personality Eysenck proposed a positive correlation between extraversion and intensified sexual behavior and between neuroticism and problems in sexual behavior. An earlier study with married persons did not show any of these correlations. It was hypothesized that this connection exists only for unmarried persons who are not engaged in long-lasting relationships, because in the latter the quality of the relationship determines the sexual interaction. Within a sample of young unmarried men there was a positive correlation between extraversion and items in which the person described earlier sexual activity with more persons and in higher frequency. No correlation was found with neuroticism. There were also slight correlations with other personality and social attitude scales. Because of the correlation with an acting-out personality scale, the findings were interpreted from a social-psychological perspective. In our culture the young male is expected to take the initiative in sexual interaction which the extraverted young male can realize better than one who is introverted.
Intelligibility and psychosocial adjustment are measured by the PLTT (Post-Laryngectomy-Telephone-Test) and a newly developed questionnaire (FPAL). 110 male patients with total or partial laryngectomies are tested. Three different groups are compared with each other: laryngectomees with voice prostheses, laryngectomees with oesophageal voice or artificial larynx, and patients with partial laryngectomies. As was to be expected, intelligibility (single words and sentences) was best in patients with partial laryngectomies. The intelligibility of the laryngectomees with voice prostheses is significantly higher than the intelligibility of patients with oesophageal voice or artificial larynx. There was no difference between the groups with regard to the subjective assessment of intelligibility in relation to various communication partners. Partial laryngectomies have the lowest negative impact on the social and psychological situation of the patients. Laryngectomees, however, are more lonely, indicate more psychological stress in social interactions, and have a less positive evaluation of their life. Statistical analyses reveal no difference in psychosocial adjustment between laryngectomees with voice prostheses, oesophageal voice and artificial larynges.
EinieitungUrn die stimmiichen Resultate der verschiedenen Verfahren zur Rehabilitation der Stimme nach Laryngektomie vergieichen zu können, wird em quantitatives MeIverfahren der Verständiichkeit des einzelnen Sprechers benotigt, dessen Ergebnis vom Untersucher unabhangig ist. Angaben Erfolge der Stimmrehabilitation spiegelten in der Verganenheit häufig subjektive Eindrücke der untersuchenden Arzte wieder, so da die angegebenen Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen nicht miteinander vergleichbar waren. Andere Untersucher haben sich zur vergleichenden Beurteilung kehikopfloser Sprecher der relativen Verständ-lichkeit auf der Basis von Einsilbern im freien Schalifeld bedient (1-4). Wir versuchen die absolute Verstãndiichkeit des kehlkopflosen Sprechers mit einem Diskrirninationstest zu messen, weicher gieichzeitig die stimmliche und sprachliche Kommunikationssituation auIerha1b der Familie reprä-sentiert. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird daher em Me1verfahren beschrieben, weiches im deutschen Sprachraum unabhangig vom Untersucher bei demselben Patienten em reproduzierbares Ergebnis erlauben soil. Das Testverfahren ist einfach anzuwenden, umfa& eine quantitative Analyse der Sprachverständlichkeit und gewahrieistet eine vorn Untersucher weitgehend unabhangige Messung der Qualität der Stimrnrehabilitation.
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