In this study, the response surface method was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of the ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS). The effects of four independent variables (hot water extraction time, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, and material‐to‐liquid ratio) on the extraction rate of SFPS were tested. In addition, the SFPS functionalized nanoselenium (SFPS‐SeNPs) was prepared by chemical reduction method, whose characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity were investigated. The results showed that the yield of the crude SFPS was 25.8% at the optimal conditions of material‐to‐liquid ratio 1:50 (w/v), ultrasonic power 200 W, ultrasonic time 15 min, and water bath time 130 min. A series of characterization experiments showed that the SFPS‐SeNPs performed higher dispersion and stability than naked SeNPs. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant activity assay indicated that SFPS functioned as a modifier improved the free radical scavenging activity of SeNPs significantly. In conclusion, this study provided a method to extract SFPS as a carrier for SeNPs, and SFPS‐SeNPs could not only improve the stability of SeNPs, but also exerted the biological activities of SFPS.
Practical Application
This research provided new ideas for the application of SFPS and the development of nanoselenium preparation carriers.
The monodisperse and nearly spherical selenium nanoparticles decorated by polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme (SFPS-SeNPs) were prepared, characterized, and evaluated in acute and 28-day toxicological safety studies.In the acute toxicity study, mice underwent oral administration of 26.94, 40.28, 60.21, 90.11, and 134.70 mg Se/kg of SFPS-SeNPs for 14 days. In the 28-day study, mice underwent a daily oral administration of 17.75, 8.87, and 4.43 mg Se/kg/day of SFPS-SeNPs, 4.43 mg Se/kg/day of Na 2 SeO 3 , and normal saline for 28 days. The animals' general behavior, body weight, biochemical and hematologic parameters, organ coefficients, pathological morphology, Se content, and accumulation rate of Se in vital organs were determined. Results showed that the median lethal dose was 88.76 Se mg/kg and no observed adverse effect level was 4.43 mg Se/kg/day for 28 days. Compared with Na 2 SeO 3 , SFPS-SeNPs may lead to slightly higher toxicological effects, and it probably accumulates in the liver in the oral dose of 4.43 mg Se/kg/day in Kunming mice. SFPS and nanotechnology can reduce the toxicity of selenium, and SFPS-SeNPs or SeNPs-polysaccharides can be potential candidates for drug delivery and food supplement.
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