Fabrication of sophisticated or smart materials often needs controlled integrating multiple components into a single capsule. Most of conventional microencapsulation strategies merely envelop one content into a shell every time. We report a compound-fluidic electrospray method could one-step enclose multiple components into a single microcapsule without contact. The as-prepared microcapsules have multiple compartments inside, in each of which different content can be addressably loaded. This approach gives flexibility for generating diverse microcapsules that could one-step integrate different active components in microscopic domain free of contact, which may find potential applications in multicomponent drug delivery, microreactors and others.

Though coating CsPbBr3 nanocrystal (NC) with an outer layer has been regarded as an effective strategy to address its instability issues, deep investigations into the electronic interaction between CsPbBr3 NC and coating layer have yet to be conducted. In this study, the dynamics of hot carrier and charge carrier of CsPbBr3 nanocrystal with various MO2 (M = Si, Ti, Sn) coating layers have been comprehensively studied. Combined transient optical characterizations (time-resolved photoluminescence and ultrafast transient absorption) and photoelectrochemical measurements reveal that coating with insulating SiO2 accelerates the hot carrier relaxation and enhances the radiative recombination by passivating surface traps, whereas efficient charge-carrier separation and extraction are observed after coating with SnO2 and TiO2. The electron injection from CsPbBr3 NC to SnO2 (1.14 × 108 s–1) is 2-fold faster than to TiO2 (5.4 × 107 s–1) owing to the lower conduction band edge and the higher electron mobility of SnO2. Particularly, the first time fabricated CsPbBr3 NC/SnO2 composite exhibits superior stability against UV light and moisture, as well as the best photocurrent response in this study. This work has implied that rational design of the coating layer for perovskite NC can not only improve the stability but also tailor the electronic and optoelectronic properties for various applications.

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that involves converting biomass into a liquid energy carrier called bio-oil in sub/supercritical water. The unique physico-chemical properties of bio-oil, particularly its remarkably high energy density, renewability, and sustainability, can address current global environmental challenges and energy crisis. This review assesses the influence of operating parameters, including biomass type, reaction temperature, holding time, biomass/H 2 O ratio, heating rate, pressure, and atmosphere, and catalysis, on the yield and quality of bio-oil. The existing problems in HTL are also analyzed, and its further development is explored.

Purpose Genetic variation may influence chemotherapy response and overall survival in cancer patients. Experimental design We conducted a genome-wide scan in 535 advanced-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from two independent cohorts (307 from Nanjing and 228 from Beijing). A replication was carried out on an independent cohort of 340 patients from Southeastern China followed by a second validation on 409 patients from the Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA). Results Consistent associations with NSCLC survival were identified for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in Chinese populations with P values ranging from 3.63 × 10−5 to 4.19 × 10−7 in the additive genetic model. The minor allele of three SNPs (rs7629386 at 3p22.1, rs969088 at 5p14.1, and rs3850370 at 14q24.3) were associated with worse NSCLC survival while 2 (rs41997 at 7q31.31 and rs12000445 at 9p21.3) were associated with better NSCLC survival. In addition, rs7629386 at 3p22.1 (CTNNB1) and rs3850370 at 14q24.3 (SNW1-ALKBH1-NRXN3) were further replicated in the Caucasian population. Conclusion In this three-stage genome-wide association studies, we identified five SNPs as markers for survival of advanced-stage NSCLC patients treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in Chinese Han populations. Two of these SNPs, rs7629386 and rs3850370, could also be markers for survival among Caucasian patients.

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Leaf-adhesive pesticide nanocapsules improve retention time on crop leaves and utilization efficiency of pest control.

Recent years have witnessed significant progress in nanotechnology and pesticide research in pest control and crop protection. There are more motivations to develop nanoformulations that are less harmful to environment than conventional formulations. The use of nanosuspension has been proposed as a novel formulation to process poorly soluble pesticides. In this study, the lambda-cyhalothrin nanosuspension (LCNS) was prepared in a melt emulsification method. The prepared nanosuspension had a mean particle size of 12.0 ± 0.1 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.279 ± 0.135. The smaller particle size and polydispersity confer better wettability, stability and bioavailability than conventional suspension concentrates. The excellent properties of the nanosuspension were attributed to the reduced particle size and the emulsification and dispersion of the surfactants. The LCNS eliminates the need for organic solvents and significantly reduces the amount of surfactant required. The simple production process of LCNS saves production and equipment costs. The results indicate that lambda-cyhalothrin nanosuspensions would have a broad application prospect in agricultural production systems.

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway plays critical roles in repairing DNA disorders caused by platinum. To comprehensively understand the association between variants of NER and clinical outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy, 173 SNPs in 27 genes were selected to evaluate association with toxicities and efficiency in 1004 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The results showed that consecutive significant signals were observed in XPA, RPA1, POLD1, POLD3. Further subgroup analysis showed that GTF2H4 presented consecutive significant signals in clinical benefit among adenocarcimoma. In squamous cell carcinoma, rs4150558, rs2290280, rs8067195 were significantly associated with anemia, rs3786136 was significantly related to thrombocytopenia, ERCC5 presented consecutive significant signals in response rate. In patients receiving TP regimen, significant association presented in neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal toxicity. Association with anemia and neutropenia were found in GP regimen. rs4150558 showed significant association with anemia in NP regimen. In patients > 58, ERCC5 showed consecutive significant signals in gastrointestinal toxicity. Survival analysis showed SNPs in POLD2, XPA, ERCC6 and POLE were significantly associated with progression free survival, SNPs in GTF2H4, ERCC6, GTF2HA, MAT1, POLD1 were significantly associated with overall survival. This study suggests SNPs in NER pathway could be potential predictors for clinical outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy among NSCLC.