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Biodegradable porous biomaterial scaffolds play a critical role in bone regeneration. In this study, the porous nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/graphene oxide (nHAC/PLGA/GO) composite scaffolds containing different amount of GO were fabricated by freeze-drying method. The results show that the synthesized scaffolds possess a three-dimensional porous structure. GO slightly improves the hydrophilicity of the scaffolds and reinforces their mechanical strength. Young’s modulus of the 1.5 wt% GO incorporated scaffold is greatly increased compared to the control sample. The in vitro experiments show that the nHAC/PLGA/GO (1.5 wt%) scaffolds significantly cell adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1). This present study indicates that the nHAC/PLGA/GO scaffolds have excellent cytocompatibility and bone regeneration ability, thus it has high potential to be used as scaffolds in the field of bone tissue engineering.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s11671-018-2432-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Surface microstructure and chemical composition of the implant are very important for its osseointegration in vivo. In this paper, a hierarchical micropattern covered with calcium phosphate (Ca/P phase) was obtained on titanium (Ti) implant surface by femtosecond lasers (FSL) irradiation in hydroxyapatite suspension. The hierachical micropattern as well as Ca/P phase increased osteoblastic cell adhesion. Higher expression of osteogenic markers (osteocalcin, osteopontin, and runt related transcription factor-2) on the surface treated by FSL of 2.55 J/cm(2) indicated the favorable effect of laser treatment on cell differentiation. In vivo studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of laser treatment and Ca/P deposition on the osseointegration. It showed that the binding capacity between bone and FSL-treated Ti implants was obviously stronger than that between bone and polished or sand blasting and acid etching (SLA) Ti implants. Bone trabecula surrounded the FSL-treated implants without fibrous tissue after 8-week implantation. Also, higher bone mineral density was seen surrounding the FSL-treated implants. Our in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the FSL induced micropattern and Ca/P phase had positive effects on the acceleration of early osseointegration of Ti implants with bone tissue.

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