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The PHQ-9 and the PHQ-2 are valid and reliable tools to screen depression in Chinese college students. For screening purposes, cutoff scores of 11 and 3 are recommended for PHQ-9 and PHQ-2, respectively.

Abstract:Gaming is rapidly developing as a method of dynamic interaction and experience development. This cutting edge concept of gaming has recently been used by some innovative tourism sectors as a marketing tool and as a method of deeper engagement with visitors. However, little is known in the sector about gaming and tourist game players. This research aims to explore the gamification trend and the potential that gaming is offering for experience development and tourism marketing. Through focus group, this paper discusses gaming and tourism, explores what drives tourists to play games. The results suggest tourists' game playing motivation is multi-dimensional. The majority of players would start with a purposive information seeking, then move onto an intrinsic stimulation, such as fun, challenge and achievement. Socialization is also an important dimension and increasingly players will play with locals or fellow travelers. The research demonstrates several implications for tourism marketing and game design.

Technology is critical for facilitating experience value co-creation in tourism. Online platforms in particular enable consumers to develop realistic expectations and to cocreate their experience. Limited empirical research has been done to investigate the experience value co-creation process, especially in tourism. This study fills this gap by proposing a cognition-emotion-behavior model. Scenario experiment approach is used to investigate the experience value co-creation process on destination online platforms in the pre-travel stage. Structural equation modeling analysis shows that online platform use has significant effects on destination emotional experience. This, has significant effects on the five dimensions of destination engagement intention. The mediating effect of destination emotional experience on the relationship between platform-use-experience and destination engagement intention is supported. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the experience value co-creation process and theoretical and managerial implications are proposed.

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BackgroundAccording to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Superfund is a federal government program implemented to clean up uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Twenty-six sites in South Carolina (SC) have been included on the National Priorities List (NPL), which has serious human health and environmental implications. The purpose of this study was to assess spatial disparities in the distribution of Superfund sites in SC.MethodsThe 2000 US census tract and block level data were used to generate population characteristics, which included race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), education, home ownership, and home built before 1950. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to map Superfund facilities and develop choropleth maps based on the aforementioned sociodemographic variables. Spatial methods, including mean and median distance analysis, buffer analysis, and spatial approximation were employed to characterize burden disparities. Regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the number of Superfund facilities and population characteristics.ResultsSpatial coincidence results showed that of the 29.5% of Blacks living in SC, 55.9% live in Superfund host census tracts. Among all populations in SC living below poverty (14.2%), 57.2% were located in Superfund host census tracts. Buffer analyses results (0.5mi, 1.0mi, 5.0mi, 0.5km, 1.0km, and 5.0km) showed a higher percentage of Whites compared to Blacks hosting a Superfund facility. Conversely, a slightly higher percentage of Blacks hosted (30.2%) a Superfund facility than those not hosting (28.8%) while their White counterparts had more equivalent values (66.7% and 67.8%, respectively). Regression analyses in the reduced model (Adj. R2 = 0.038) only explained a small percentage of the variance. In addition, the mean distance for percent of Blacks in the 90th percentile for Superfund facilities was 0.48mi.ConclusionBurden disparities exist in the distribution of Superfund facilities in SC at the block and census tract levels across varying levels of demographic composition for race/ethnicity and SES.