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Percutaneous catheter drainage is safe and effective for treatment of symptomatic postoperative lymphoceles.

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The prevalence of hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been steadily increasing. The role of hyperuricemia and efficacy of uric acid-lowering agents against CKD progression remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperuricemia and uric acid-lowering agents on the progression of CKD. A total 2042 patients with CKD were analyzed in the KoreaN cohort Study for Outcomes in patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD), a prospective cohort study. Patients were classified into quartiles on the basis of their serum uric acid level and the prevalence of advanced CKD was higher in patients with a high uric acid level. A composite renal outcome was defined as one or more of the following: initiation of dialysis or transplantation, a two-fold increase in baseline serum creatinine levels, or a 50% decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate during the follow-up period. A Cox proportional hazard ratio model was applied to analyze the relationship between composite renal outcome and uric acid levels. The risk of progression to renal failure increased by 28% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.277; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.212–1.345) for each 1 mg/dl increase in the baseline uric acid level. In multivariate models, an association was found between the highest quartile of uric acid and increased risk of composite renal outcome (HR, 3.590; 95% CI, 2.546–5.063). A propensity score matching analysis was performed to survey the effect of uric acid lowering agent. Both allopurinol and febuxostat did not affect the renal outcome. In conclusion, hyperuricemia appears to be an independent risk factor for composite renal outcome, but allopurinol and febuxostat did not show reno-protective effect.

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Becuase 40% of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are mixed infections, the accurate identification of high-risk HPV genotypes in mixed infections is important for defining a woman's risk for progression to cervical cancer. Thus, advanced Luminex-based HPV genotyping has been developed to simultaneously detect the presence of multiple HPV types. Here, we describe the development of a Luminex-based HPV genotyping that combines polymerase chain reaction amplification with hybridization to fluorescencelabeled polystyrene bead microarrays (Luminex suspension array technology). New HPV type-specific oligonucleotide probes and YBT L1/GP6-1 primers were used to detect the HPV types in 132 clinical samples. We simultaneously evaluated the usefulness of this technique on clinical samples. We detected 15 specific HPV types (6, 16, 18, 31, 35, 42, 51, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67 and 68) examined with specificity without known cross-reaction to other HPV types. The detection limit for the different HPV types was above 500 plasmids. (1) individuals may be infected with more than one type at a time.(2) Because most HPV infections have no visible signs or symptoms, (3) the development of detection tools for HPV identification in asymptomatic patients has been very important. (4) Several HPV DNA detection methods have been described during the last decade, each of which allows the detection of a wide spectrum of HPV types, such as DNA amplification-based methods. Due largely to routine screening using Pap tests, the number of deaths attributed to cervical cancer continues to drop nearly 4% annually. However, the Pap smear has some weaknesses, not least of which is its limited sensitivity for detection of cancer precursors.(5) Therefore, the false-negative rate of the Pap smear ranges from 20 to 30% when cytology is used alone. In addition, there is a false-positive rate of 5-15%.(6 -8) To carry out HPV genotyping, a reliable, FDA-approved test to distinguish the specific HPV types will need to be developed and validated. A DNA-based technology, the Hybrid Capture II HPV test, has been used to detect 13 high-risk types of HPV. (9,10) However, this routine test is not recommended for women under the age of 30 years unless they have atypical or equivocal Pap test results. In addition, despite its high sensitivity, false-negative results are known to occur for histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2 or CIN3 cases, with its impossibility to perform genotyping. (11,12) Therefore, the current techniques available for detection of HPV types all have shown limited ability for complete detection; there is no single technique that provides complete detection to date. Therefore, a new and improved HPV assay that is highly sensitive and reproducible is required. Multiplex technology is a new method that is based on fluorescent bead technology, and allows simultaneous detection of nucleic acids against up to 100 different HPV types. (13,14) Recently, this technology has been used for the genotyping of HPV types u...

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