BackgroundEffects of long-term glucose load on peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient safety and outcomes have seldom been reported. This study demonstrates the influence of long-term glucose load on patient and technique survival.MethodsWe surveyed 173 incident PD patients. Long-term glucose load was evaluated by calculating the average dialysate glucose concentration since initiation of PD. Risk factors were assessed by fitting Cox's models with repeatedly measured time-dependent covariates.ResultsWe noted that older age, higher glucose concentration, and lower residual renal function (RRF) were significantly associated with a worse patient survival. We found that female gender, absence of diabetes, lower glucose concentration, use of icodextrin, higher serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher RRF were significantly associated with a better technique survival.ConclusionsLong-term glucose load predicted mortality and technique failure in chronic PD patients. These findings emphasize the importance of minimizing glucose load in PD patients.

Polycystic kidney disease (PCKD) is the most common hereditary cause of end-stage renal disease, the complications of which may prevent the choice of peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aim of this study was to explore the effects of dialysis modality on outcomes in patients with PCKD. We extracted a cohort of 1417 adult patients with PCKD initiating long-term dialysis therapy in 1999–2010 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, among which 125 patients chose PD. The patients on HD were older and had a higher comorbidity index compared to those on PD. We compared the risks for death, hospitalization and medical expenditures between the patients on PD and propensity-score matched patients on hemodialysis (HD). The overall survival did not differ between the patients on PD and HD. The patients on PD tended to have higher hazard ratios (HR) for the first episode of hospitalization (adjusted HR 1.34 [95% CI, 1.04−1.79]). The annual medical expenses were 10% lower for the patients on PD. PD is an equivalent choice of renal replacement therapy to HD for patients with PCKD in terms of survival. Although the patients on PD had a higher risk for hospitalization, the medical expenditure for PD was 10% lower.

The readily obtainable preoperative laboratory parameters including Ca, iPTH, P, and ALP will allow identification of a subgroup of patients who are at greater risk for the development of SH following PTX.

Compared to the patients who started peritoneal dialysis 14 days or more after catheter implantation, the patients who started earlier did not have an increased risk of peritonitis, peritoneal dialysis technique failure and mortality.

Background: A high glucose content in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution may result in unfavorable changes on peritoneal character and worsened metabolic profiles. We conducted this retrospective cohort analysis to investigate the impact of initial glucose load on long-term outcomes of PD patients. Methods: A total of 90 patients newly started on PD were enrolled. All subjects were divided into low, medium, or high glucose load equally in patient number according to the average dialysate glucose concentration prescribed in the first 6 months from PD initiation. Cox’s regression was used for survival analyses and linear regression was used for analyses of determinants for glucose load. Results: The mean follow-up period was 40.1 ± 11.8 months. Patients with higher glucose load showed a significantly worse cumulative technique survival (log rank p = 0.002). In Cox’s regression analysis, patients with lower glucose load had significantly better technique survival (p = 0.035). In linear regression analysis, preexisting diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), lower serum albumin (p = 0.012), and lower weekly renal Kt/V (p = 0.019) were significantly correlated with higher glucose load. Conclusions: Higher glucose load during the initial period of PD was associated with higher prevalent diabetes mellitus, lower serum albumin, and lower residual renal function, and effectively predicted worse survival of PD therapy.

Background and objectivesThe short-term effects of low-phosphate diets on fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) level and the optimal amount of dietary phosphate restriction in patients undergoing hemodialysis remain unknown.Design setting, participants, & measurementsThis was a randomized, active-controlled trial with a crossover design that included 35 adults with ESKD undergoing thrice-weekly hemodialysis and with a serum phosphate level >5.5 mg/dl or between 3.5 and 5.5 mg/dl with regular phosphate binder use at a hemodialysis unit of tertiary teaching hospital in Taiwan. Subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive a very-low-phosphate diet, with a phosphate-to-protein ratio of 8 mg/g, or a low-phosphate diet, with a phosphate-to-protein ratio of 10 mg/g for 2 days, each with a 5-day washout during which subjects adhered to their usual diet. The primary outcome measure was mean difference in change-from-baseline intact FGF23 level between intervention groups. Secondary outcomes included difference in change-from-baseline serum phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), and C-terminal FGF23 level between intervention groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the mean change-from-baseline in intact FGF23 levels between the two study diets. The very-low-phosphate diet significantly lowered serum phosphate (mean difference, 0.6 mg/dl; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.2 to 1.0; P=0.002). There were no significant differences in change-from-baseline intact PTH and C-terminal FGF23 levels between the two study diets.ConclusionsOver the 2-day period, the FGF23-lowering effect of the very-low-phosphate diet is similar to that of the low-phosphate diet. The very-low-phosphate diet has an additional phosphate-lowering effect compared with the low-phosphate diet.

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