RESUME Cette étude, conduite dans le terroir villageois de Bagga dans la région de Tahoua, portant sur les usages de Combretum micranthum G.Don dans la pharmacopée traditionnelle, a pour objectif d'identifier les niveaux des connaissances et les usages de la plante dans la pharmacopée, en vue de soigner les maladies humaines ou animales. Pour ce faire, 150 personnes, dont 38,8% des femmes et 61,20% d'hommes, ont été interviewées afin d'avoir des renseignements sur les connaissances et modes d'usages de l'espèce dans la pharmacopée. La méthodologie a consisté d'abord par des enquêtes individuelles, afin de recueillir diverses données auprès de ces personnes, puis un focus groupe, afin de confirmer la véracité des données fournies et de collecter celles omises lors des enquêtes individuelles. Ainsi, Combretum micranthum est le plus souvent utilisé par les Haoussa, dans les traitements des maladies humaines comme la dysenterie, le cancer, les démangeaisons et les coliques, avec des fréquences d'utilisations respectives de 39,78%, 16,57%, 10,50% et 9,39%. Parmi les parties utilisées, on note les feuilles, les racines, les écorces, les fleurs et les graines avec des fréquences respectives de 77,65%, 15,88%, 2,94%, 1,76% et 1,76%. Ainsi, il ressort qu'il y a une différence significative (p < 0,05) entre les ethnies enquêtées, pour le traitement de la dysenterie et la différence est hautement significative (p < 0,01) entre ces ethnies pour le traitement du cancer et les affections urinaires. Dans le domaine animal, les maladies les plus souvent traitées sont la diarrhée, la fièvre, le cancer et les troubles digestifs, avec des fréquences d'utilisations respectives de 52,17%, 26,09%, 13,04% et 8,7%. Une étude portant sur les analyses chimiques des organes de la plante sera conduite au cours des recherches futures, afin de confirmer les assertions paysannes sur les vertus médicinales de l'espèce.
Air quality has been a major health issue in urban areas in recent decades. Human activities release a large number of pollutants into the atmosphere which has a direct impact on plant health and leads to ecosystem degradation. The objective of this study is to contribute to a better evaluation of the impact of the air quality of the city of Togo on biological resources. The determination of pollutants was done on samples of plant species with a strong link with the source of pollution. The determination of Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) was done by the ripper method. The determination of carbon and estimation of CO 2 and CO by the colorimetric method. The determination of nitrogen was done by the Kjeldhal method. The results showed that at the industrial level the amount of CO 2 in Alternanthera repens is high with a value of 53.3911 mg/ml. On the other hand, the quantity of CO in Senna occidentalis is 44.3619 mg/ml. In Pithecellobium dulce, the quantity of SO 2 and NO 2 are evaluated respectively to 0.1588 mg/ml and 0.3696 mg/ml. Regarding to the dumps, the quantity of CO 2 in Newbouldia laevis is very high with a value of 65.8508 mg/ml. On the other hand the amount of CO in Senna occidentalis is 51.6106 mg/ml. The quantity of SO 2 in Newbouldia laevis is 0.2101 mg/ml and NO 2 in Ocimum canum is 0.2744 mg/ml. At the level of roads, the quantities of CO 2 and CO in Eragrostis tenella are very high with values respectively equal to 74.4092 mg/ml and 62.2654 mg/ml. On the other hand, the amount of NO 2 in Amaranthus sp is 0.2304 mg/ml and that of SO 2 in Eragrostis Tenella is 0.1691 mg/ml. The use of a plant bioindicator sensitive to pollutants, allowed concluding that the air of the city of Lome is polluted.
As the consequence of anthropic pressure along with climatic factors, the vegetation of the hills of Bassar is degrading day after day and a regression of many woody species is observed. Vitellaria paradoxa is a highly valued multi-use species, but it is threatened with extinction in the area. The "bell" and "L" shapes of the diameter class distribution histograms reflect aging and/or disturbed populations. Stand disturbance is illustrated by the low proportion of large diameter class individuals. The "L" shape reveals an advanced state of degradation characterized by a near absence of large diameter trees. The study of the natural regeneration of Vitellaria paradoxa on the hills of Bassar shows that the density of regeneration by seedlings, shoots and suckers depend on the diameter of the individual stem. The larger the diameter increases, the higher the density of seedlings becomes. However, plantlets stemming from seedlings are higher, and weaker from suckers and shoots. The density of Vitellaria paradoxa seedlings is lower in shrub savannahs than in tree savannahs. The analysis of variance showed that whether under the crown or outside the crown, there was a significant difference between individuals from regeneration in all the formations studied. In the inventory plots, the densities of young trees are equally variable under the crown and outside the crown as those of large trees.
The exploitation of rocky outcrops is increasing and leading to the loss of biodiversity in the canton of Agbélouvé and its surroundings. This study aims to assess the impact of the exploitation of these rocks on the flora and vegetation, in order to contribute to the sustainable management of plant resources. It is based on floristic inventories of the exploitation sites and off-site. The collected data was processed by the Excel 2016 spreadsheet, and software XLSTAT 2008. The results of this research show that this activity is at the origin of the destruction of the vegetation cover and the modification of the topographic landscape. 234 species were recorded in 96 surveys, including 95 species belonging to 41 families on the exploitation sites, compared to 139 species belonging to 51 families off-site. The Shannon diversity indexes are 1.86 and 2 respectively on and off sites. Pielou's equitability index is 0.94 on the exploitation sites and 0.93 off-site. The analysis of the biological spectrum shows the predominance of phanerophytes (60.76%) off sites against (37%) therophytes on the exploitation sites. The analysis of the phytogeographical spectrum indicates the predominance of Afro-tropical species on the two sites explored. Faced with the negative impacts of the exploitation of the rock formations on the vegetation, it is necessary to take measures for the restoration of the exploitation sites.
Au Togo, la production du piment (Capsicum spp.), légumineuse prisée, reste encore très faible. Afin d’aider à sa promotion, une enquête a été menée dans 20 localités, pour évaluer les contraintes qui y sont liées, la perception paysanne du déficit hydrique et les pratiques endogènes de gestion de l’eau. Au total, 28 contraintes ont été répertoriées dont la plus citée est le déficit hydrique (94,74%). La corrélation entre les localités et les contraintes citées a permis de définir trois groupes de localités dont deux géographiquement homogènes. La région centrale, avec le plus grand nombre de contraintes, connaît également les plus longues durées de poches de sécheresse en pleine saison pluvieuse (2,4 ± 0,75 semaines). En périodes de manque d’eau, les producteurs adoptent diverses pratiques endogènes consommatrices d’eau (irrigation, arrosage) et/ou conservatrices d’humidité (paillage, agriculture sur berge). Aussi, 34 cultivars, sous réserve de synonymie, ont été identifiés, répartis en six groupes suivant une classification ascendante hiérarchique basée sur la forme des fruits. Le cultivar Gboyébéssé est le plus prisé avec un indice de valeur d’importance de 1,22. Ces résultats pourront permettre de mieux planifier les plans d’action des différents acteurs de la filière piment pour une production optimale.Mots clés : Légumes, stress hydrique, pratiques endogènes, contraintes de culture, Togo. English Title: Endogenous knowledges and perception of water deficit related to chilli (Capsicum spp.) cultivation of in TogoIn Togo, the production of chili pepper (Capsicum spp.), estimated vegetable, is still very low. In order to help its promotion, a survey was conducted in 20 areas, to assess the related constraints, the peasant perception of water deficit and the endogenous practices of water management. A total of 28 constraints were identified and the most cited is water deficit (94.74%). Three groups of areas (of which two are geographically homogeneous) emerged after a correlation between areas and constraints. The central region, with the highest number of constraints cited, also has the longest dry pockets in the wet season (2.4 ± 0.75 weeks). In response to periods of lack of water, producers adopt various endogenous water-consuming practices (irrigation, watering) and/or humidity-conserving practices (mulching, riverbank farming). Also, the study identified 34 cultivars if no synonymy, divided into six groups according to an ascending hierarchical classification and based on the pomological characteristics of the fruit. Cultivar Gboyébéssé is the most popular cultivar with a value index of 1.22. These results can be the basis for better action plan of the various stakeholders in the chilli pepper sector for an optimal production.Keywords: Vegetables, water stress, endogenous practices, cultural constraints, Togo.
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