The effects of magnetoelastically induced perpendicular anisotropy, K FM,me , on the perpendicular exchange bias ͑PEB͒ characteristics in ͓Pd/ Co͔ 5 / Fe 50 Mn 50 thin films have been explored by inserting ultrathin CoFe magnetic layers with different thicknesses, compositions, and Ar sputtering gas pressures ͑P Ar,CoFe ͒ at the interface between ͓Pd/ Co͔ 5 and FeMn. It was clearly found that the ͓Pd/ Co͔ 5 / CoFe/ FeMn with CoFe sputtered at a low P Ar,CoFe showed great enhancement in PEB due to the development of intrinsic compressive stress in the CoFe resulting in improving K FM,me and interfacial exchange coupling. Additionally, this effect was more significant for Co 80 Fe 20 insertion than Co 90 Fe 10 due to its larger magnetostriction.
The effects of perpendicular anisotropy on the interlayer coupling in perpendicularly magnetized [Pd∕Co]∕Cu∕[Co∕Pd] spin valves have been explored. It was clearly confirmed that the perpendicular anisotropy of soft and hard [Co∕Pd] multilayers plays a crucial role in determining the physical characteristics of perpendicular interlayer coupling in the [Pd∕Co]∕Cu∕[Co∕Pd] spin valves. In addition, theoretical calculations demonstrated that the behavior of experimentally observed perpendicular interlayer coupling dominantly followed a Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yoshida oscillation modified by including a physical parameter directly relevant to the angle deviation of soft or hard [Co∕Pd] magnetizations from the perpendicular direction in the spin valves rather than a topologically induced interlayer coupling.
Nanopatterned [Co/Pd] based pseudo spin-valves (PSV) with perpendicular anisotropy exhibited high magnetic and thermal stabilities suitable for 1 Gb magnetic random access memory applications. Magnetic force microscopy images clearly demonstrated that the nanopatterned [Co/Pd] based PSVs down to 75×75 nm2 show a single domain configuration and a coherent magnetic reversal behavior. Furthermore, the nanopatterned [Co/Pd] based PSV with 90×90 nm2 device size showed stable magnetoresistance performance and switching characteristics. The high magnetic anisotropy and the large exchange energy of [Co/Pd] based PSV with perpendicular anisotropy are thought to be the main physical reasons for the technical promises.
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