In this paper, we demonstrate high mobility solution-processed metal-oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) by using a high-frequency-stable ionic-type hybrid gate dielectric (HGD). The HGD gate dielectric, a blend of sol-gel aluminum oxide (AlOx) and poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP), exhibited high dielectric constant (ε~8.15) and high-frequency-stable characteristics (1 MHz). Using the ionic-type HGD as a gate dielectric layer, an minimal electron-double-layer (EDL) can be formed at the gate dielectric/InOx interface, enhancing the field-effect mobility of the TFTs. Particularly, using the ionic-type HGD gate dielectrics annealed at 350 °C, InOx TFTs having an average field-effect mobility of 16.1 cm2/Vs were achieved (maximum mobility of 24 cm2/Vs). Furthermore, the ionic-type HGD gate dielectrics can be processed at a low temperature of 150 °C, which may enable their applications in low-thermal-budget plastic and elastomeric substrates. In addition, we systematically studied the operational stability of the InOx TFTs using the HGD gate dielectric, and it was observed that the HGD gate dielectric effectively suppressed the negative threshold voltage shift during the negative-illumination-bias stress possibly owing to the recombination of hole carriers injected in the gate dielectric with the negatively charged ionic species in the HGD gate dielectric.

No abstract

No abstract

We have systematically designed and realized the optical feedforward transmitter using microwave circuit model of distributed‐feedback laser diode (DFB LD) based on rate equations. Through the system‐level simulation for the optical feedforward method, the nonlinearity of DFB‐LD is analyzed, and the optimized characteristics of the RF components in the system are confirmed by using a microwave simulator. The experimental and simulated results show the reduced distortion products and enhanced spurious‐free dynamic ranges are in good agreement at 2.4 GHz. These results are analyzed as the evaluation parameters for the miniaturization and optimization of the feedforward compensation method in radio‐over‐fiber systems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 192–195, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24007

Juveniles are not physically and mentally mature compared to adults. Therefore, the Juvenile Act was enacted to protect, educate and re-socialize these juveniles. In other words, the juvenile law is based on the parent patriot. Therefore, juveniles are being dealt with juvenile crimes or juvenile delinquency through juvenile protective disposition rather than criminal punishment. However, recent juvenile crimes are indistinguishable from adult crimes. In other words, it has as much cruelty and ferocity as adult crime. Whenever these juvenile violent crimes occur, there has been an argument for a reduction in juvenile age. But juveniles are faster at reflection than adults. And it is possible to re-socialize through education. Therefore, age reduction is not the only alternative. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the relationship between the reduction of juvenile age and juvenile crime. Therefore, this paper will investigate the juvenile age of each country. Then, we will examine whether there is a common part about the juvenile age of each country. If there is no common juvenile age in each country, criminal policy measures will be devised. To this end, it is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of juvenile protective disposition. In addition, an individual educational environment for juveniles living in juvenile Detention Center should be created. Admissions to juvenile detention centers are not simply to give penal effect to juveniles. If you return to society through juvenile detention center, you have to find a job that suits you. In other words, juvenile detention centers should provide education suitable for the talents and aptitudes of juveniles. In addition, the problem of overcrowding in juvenile detention centers must also be solved. The living room should be a place where confidentiality can be guaranteed for juveniles in sensitive times. Therefore, overcrowding of juvenile detention centers should be prevented in advance.