ObjectivesThe accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may be involved in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study, the skin AGEs level of several neuropsychiatric diseases was assessed with a simple noninvasive method. Moreover, whether skin AGE level can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of these diseases was evaluated.MethodsA total of 27 patients with schizophrenia, 26 with major depressive disorder, and 10 with major neurocognitive disorders (MNDs), such as Alzheimer's disease or dementia with Lewy body, as well as 26 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The skin AGE levels of the patients were assessed with an AGE scanner, a fluorometric method used to assay skin AGE levels.ResultsOne‐way analysis of covariance was performed after adjusting for significant covariates, including age. Although the group with MNDs had higher skin AGE levels than the other groups, the main effect of diagnosis did not significantly affect the skin AGE levels of the groups.ConclusionsSkin AGE levels in neuropsychiatric diseases with mild symptoms did not significantly differ. Further large‐scale studies using a simple noninvasive method for the early detection and treatment of MNDs must be conducted.
Objectives Photosensitivity to ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation from sunlight is an important side effect of treatment with antipsychotic agents. However, the pathophysiology of drug‐induced photosensitivity remains unclear. Recent studies demonstrated the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), annotated as carbonyl stress, to be associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated the relationship among skin AGE levels, minimal response dose (MRD) with UVA for photosensitivity, and the daily dose of antipsychotic agents in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Methods We enrolled 14 patients with schizophrenia and 14 healthy controls. Measurement of skin AGE levels was conducted with AGE scanner, a fluorometric method for assaying skin AGE levels. Measurement of MRD was conducted with UV irradiation device. Results Skin AGE levels and MRD at 24, 48, and 72 hr in patients with schizophrenia showed a higher tendency for photosensitivity than in the controls, but the difference was statistically insignificant. Multiple linear regression analysis using skin AGE levels failed to show any influence of independent variables. MRD did not affect skin AGE levels. Conclusions Photosensitivity to UVA in patients with schizophrenia receiving treatment with antipsychotic agents might not be affected by skin AGE levels.
The present study aimed to investigate the pleiotropic effects of candidate loci identified by genome-wide association studies, how they may function as possible proxy phenotypes for educational attainment, and how they affect clinical symptoms and their detailed psychometrics in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Method: Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs6739979, rs11588857, and rs2245901) common in Japanese individuals showing a relationship to both schizophrenia and educational attainments from a previously conducted genome-wide study (Okbay, 2016) were investigated in a case-control study between 640 unrelated Japanese patients with schizophrenia and 640 healthy controls. The relationship between these SNPs and detailed clinical information, including educational attainments and cognitive function from psychometrics, were investigated in these patients. Results: Results of the present study show that these SNPs are not genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. However, SNP rs2245901 in the 2q32.3 region showed a relationship to declining performance intelligent quotients in schizophrenia patients, as seen from multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion: The genetic region at 2q32.3 may influence the attained education and decline of cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.
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