Use of skin advanced glycation end product levels measured using a simple noninvasive method as a biological marker for the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric diseases

Abstract

ObjectivesThe accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may be involved in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study, the skin AGEs level of several neuropsychiatric diseases was assessed with a simple noninvasive method. Moreover, whether skin AGE level can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of these diseases was evaluated.MethodsA total of 27 patients with schizophrenia, 26 with major depressive disorder, and 10 with major neurocognitive disorders (MNDs), such as Alzheimer's disease or dementia with Lewy body, as well as 26 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The skin AGE levels of the patients were assessed with an AGE scanner, a fluorometric method used to assay skin AGE levels.ResultsOne‐way analysis of covariance was performed after adjusting for significant covariates, including age. Although the group with MNDs had higher skin AGE levels than the other groups, the main effect of diagnosis did not significantly affect the skin AGE levels of the groups.ConclusionsSkin AGE levels in neuropsychiatric diseases with mild symptoms did not significantly differ. Further large‐scale studies using a simple noninvasive method for the early detection and treatment of MNDs must be conducted.

Influence of Dopamine on Fluorescent Advanced Glycation End Products Formation Using Drosophila melanogaster

“…It is still not known if endogenous AGEs cause, or are the consequence of, observed complications associated with different diseases. Correlation between fluorescent AGEs (fAGEs) accumulation and pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric diseases was shown [ 6 , 7 ], but a biological mechanism between monoamine perturbation and fAGEs formation in neurodegenerative diseases is lacking.…”

“…AGEs can be intracellular and extracellular, and are mainly associated with long-lived proteins [ 3 , 11 ]. Due to their chemical diversity, the non-specificity and non-selectivity of the glycation process, and aggregation potential, it is challenging to quantify total AGEs abundance in biological samples [ 12 ], while auto-fluorescence properties of fAGEs enable fast detection and quantifications [ 7 , 13 ].…”

Vanillic Acid Inhibited the Induced Glycation Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models

“…Meerwaldt et al have developed a tool to assess AGE accumulation in diabetic patients by measuring the fuorescence of accumulated AGEs in the skin [29]. Fluorescent AGEs have been used as a marker for assessing the risk of acute coronary syndrome [30], while Yamashita et al also suggested using fuorescent skin AGEs as a diagnostic marker of neuropsychiatric diseases [31]. In the present study, we used an in vivo model using diabetes-induced glycation in male rats and the cytoprotective efects of VA for RAW 264.7 cells were used to have a better understanding of the vanillic acid potential as antiglycation agent.…”

The Effects of Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products on Neurocognitive and Mental Disorders

“…Notably, AGEs were measured in leukocytes, with the authors attributing the findings to an oxidative stress-induced AGE degradation or low intracellular sugar levels, which are common in bipolar disorder. Another study measured skin AGE concentrations in groups of patients with schizophrenia (n = 27), depression (n = 26), dementia (n = 10), and healthy controls (n = 26) [144]. Although the group with neurocognitive disorders presented with the highest AGEs levels, concentrations were not different between groups, or when compared to a healthy control group.…”