The Effects of Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products on Neurocognitive and Mental Disorders

Abstract

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are glycated proteins or lipids formed endogenously in the human body or consumed through diet. Ultra-processed foods and some culinary techniques, such as dry cooking methods, represent the main sources and drivers of dietary AGEs. Tissue accumulation of AGEs has been associated with cellular aging and implicated in various age-related diseases, including type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The current review summarizes the literature examining the associations between AGEs and neurocognitive and mental health disorders. Studies indicate that elevated circulating AGEs are cross-sectionally associated with poorer cognitive function and longitudinally increase the risk of developing dementia. Additionally, preliminary studies show that higher skin AGE accumulation may be associated with mental disorders, particularly depression and schizophrenia. Potential mechanisms underpinning the effects of AGEs include elevated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are both key pathogenetic mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and mental disorders. Decreasing dietary intake of AGEs may improve neurological and mental disorder outcomes. However, more sophisticated prospective studies and analytical approaches are required to verify directionality and the extent to which AGEs represent a mediator linking unhealthy dietary patterns with cognitive and mental disorders.

Promoting Effect and Potential Mechanism of Lactobacillus pentosus LPQ1-Produced Active Compounds on the Secretion of 5-Hydroxytryptophan

“…Furthermore, it has been shown that recombinant MMP-9 restores behavioral deficits manifested in learning memory in mice [ 49 ]. Flavodoxin is thought to cope with oxidative challenges, and elevated levels of oxidative stress are thought to be associated with depression [ 50 , 51 ]. Therefore, it can be concluded that among the 29 SLPQ1 molecules larger than 10 kDa, zinc metalloprotease (4.151%) and flavodoxin (0.004%) may be among the factors through which SLPQ1 exerts its enhancing effect on 5-HTP secretion.…”

Advanced Glycation End Products Are Associated with Diabetes Status and Physical Functions in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

“…It has been reported that patients with higher physical activity have lower forearm AGEs [ 33 ]. Furthermore, AGEs are influenced by lifestyle habits such as physical activity, sleeping time, and cognitive function [ 35 ]. Individuals with low physical activity have been reported to accumulate more AGEs than those with high physical activity [ 34 ].…”

Metabolic correction of neurodegenerative pathologies: the role of macronutrients and timing

“…In particular, it is known that ROS can suppress glycolysis by inhibiting multiple glycolytic enzymes, including pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [15][16][17]. Notably, methylglyoxal is a component of glycolytic reactions [18,19] and may be cytotoxic due to its ability to generate advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which increase oxidative stress and have been implicated in stroke, diabetes, and NDDs such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”