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The scanning near-field optical microscopy imaging of specimens in liquid and of cultured cells in aqueous solutions is reported. A scanning near-field optical/atomic-force microscope (SNOM-AFM) was developed, in which the scanning of an optical-fiber probe cantilever over the specimen was controlled by noncontact mode AFM (dynamic mode AFM). This imaging mode reduces damage to the probe and soft specimens. The resonant frequency of the probe cantilever decreased 20% to ≊14 kHz and the Q factor decreased by a factor of 8 to ≊30 in water, compared with these values in air, which was sufficient to perform SNOM-AFM imaging in liquid.

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Thls paper shows that an AT-cut quartz crystal detector can be appiled to the rheological study of thin fllms. Measurement of the resonant frequency and the resonant reslstance of the quartz crystal was used to examine the mass change and the vlscoeiastlc change of the coated films. Thls method was utllized to characterize the phasetransition phenomena of the Langmuk-Biadgetl (LB) fRms of 1 , 8 d l o c t a d e c y I -r~c e r -2-01 (2CI80H) which has two phase-transition points. The resonant frequency and the resonant reslstance changes suggested that vlscoslty and mass increased at the first phasetransition polnl and eiastldty decreased and vlscoslty increased at the second phase-transitlon point. The transverse wave amplitude of the fluid film surface was estimated as a ratio against the shear vibrating amplitude of the quartz crystal surface by immersing the filmtoated quartz in water and 50wt % sucrose solution to clarify the effect of these contact liquids. The ratio was determined to be 88% for the 50-layer 2CI80H LB fllms above the second phase-transition temperature.