The self-association of acetic acid in organic solvents at 25 °C has been investigated by infrared spectroscopy. The organic solvents used are n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, benzene, chlorobenzene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, and dichloromethane. The spectra of the carbonyl region were fitted with four Lorentzian curves, two for acetic acid monomer and cyclic dimer and the other two for the linear dimer. The formation constants of the cyclic and linear species were determined over concentration range from 8.4 X 10"3 to 1.3 x 10"1 mol dm'3. The solvent effect on the dimerization is considered in relation to the solvent effect on the partition of the acid monomer.
This study describes the efficacy of plasmapheresis for the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), as reported in Japan. TEN patients treated with plasmapheresis were collected from Japanese literature. The type of plasmapheresis, number of sessions, efficacy of plasmapheresis, and present outcome were examined. Forty-seven TEN patients treated with plasmapheresis have been reported in the literature: 19 men and 28 women with ages ranging from 1 to 96 years (mean 50.3 years). Twenty-five of these treatments included simple plasma exchange (PE), 13 included double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), and one included PE and DFPP. The number of plasmapheresis sessions ranged from 1 to 6 and the mean number of sessions was 3.1. The efficacy of plasmapheresis for the treatment of TEN was as follows: excellent, 30 cases; good, 8 cases; fair, 3 cases; no effect, 5 cases; and unknown, 1 case. The rate of effectiveness was 80.9%; eleven patients died; and the mortality rate was 23.4%. In summary, plasmapheresis, including both PE and DFPP, were found to be effective treatments for Japanese patients with TEN, who had been unresponsive to corticosteroids, and for those who show severe clinical manifestations.
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