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Heterogeneous catalysts were developed from goat animal bones for biodiesel production via transesterification process. Desirable feedstock like peanut and rapeseed oils were chosen as raw material for the transesterification process. The bone catalysts calcined at 900°C shows low crystallite size (41.47434 nm) and higher surface area (90.6523 m 2 /g) compared to catalysts calcined at other temperatures. The maximum biodiesel yield of 94 % for peanut oil and 96 % for rapeseed oil were obtained at 20:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, addition of 18 wt% of bone catalyst (calcined at 900°C, 2 h), 60°C reaction temperature and reaction time of 4 h. The fuel properties of biodiesel produced were compared with ASTM standards for biodiesel. Reusability of the catalyst was also tested.

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Ethanol is one of the promising future fuels of Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells (DAFC). The electro‐oxidation of ethanol fuel on anode made of carbon‐supported Pt‐Ru electrode catalysts was carried out in a lab scale direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC). Cathode used was Pt‐black high surface area. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was prepared by sandwiching the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, prepared from Nafion® (SE‐5112, DuPont USA) dispersion, between the anode and cathode. The DEFC was fabricated using the MEA and tested at different catalyst loadings at the electrodes, temperatures and ethanol concentrations. The maximum power density of DEFC for optimized value of ethanol concentration, catalyst loading and temperature were determined. The maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.815 V, short circuit current density (SCCD) of 27.90 mA/cm2 and power density of 10.30 mW/cm2 were obtained for anode (Pt‐Ru/C) and cathode (Pt‐black) loading of 1 mg/cm2 at a temperature of 90°C anode and 60°C cathode for 2M ethanol.

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