Pyrolysis of waste expanded polystyrene and reduction of styrene via in-situ multiphase pyrolysis of product oil for the production of fuel range hydrocarbons

Verma, Anjali; Sharma, Sweta; Pramanik, Hiralal

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.11.035

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The values obtained for the liquid fraction of PE (68%) and PS (81%) are very similar to the values obtained in the studies of [ 8 , 40 ] at operating conditions between temperatures of 400 and 450 °C, where the values of PS produce high yields with the presence of styrene monomers, while the pyrolytic oil obtained from PE is presented with a very complex mixture of liquid and waxes [ 40 , 41 ]. The values of the liquid fraction obtained from PP (32%) are similar values to those shown by [ 9 ], and this low value compared to the gas production is attributed to the orientation to the formation of short chains by PP due to its methyl radical present in its structure and the random mechanism undergone by the pyrolysis of this plastic.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Production and Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of the Pyrolytic Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Different Thermoplastics and Plastic Mixtures

et al. 2022

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The constant search for the proper management of non-degradable waste in conjunction with the circular economy makes the thermal pyrolysis of plastics an important technique for obtaining products with industrial interest. The present study aims to produce pyrolytic oil from thermoplastics and their different mixtures in order to determine the best performance between these and different mixtures, as well as to characterize the liquid fraction obtained to analyze its use based on said properties. This was carried out in a batch type reactor at a temperature of 400 °C for both individual plastics and their mixtures, from which the yields of the different fractions are obtained. The liquid fraction of interest is characterized by gas chromatography and its properties are characterized by ASTM standards. The product of the pyrolysis of mixtures of 75% polystyrene and 25% polypropylene presents a yield of 82%, being the highest, with a viscosity of 1.12 cSt and a calorific power of 42.5 MJ/kg, which has a composition of compounds of carbon chains ranging between C6 and C20, for which it is proposed as a good additive agent to conventional fuels for industrial use.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Production and Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of the Pyrolytic Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Different Thermoplastics and Plastic Mixtures

et al. 2022

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“…Thus, BTE and undesired styrene were measured using calibration characteristics (Figure S4). The detailed method of plotting calibration characteristics for the estimation of aromatic hydrocarbons BTE and styrene in pyrolysis oil is reported in our previous work elsewhere 37 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may be due to β-scission reaction, which is favourable at a higher heating rate of 20 C/min resulting in lesser liquid yield and higher gaseous yield. 37 On the other side, lower heating rate of 5 C/min and 10 C/min also produced less liquid range hydrocarbons. This can be attributed to more residence time at a lower heating rate, which facilitates further cracking of hydrocarbon molecules.…”

Section: Influence Of Heating Ratementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The detailed method of plotting calibration characteristics for the estimation of aromatic hydrocarbons BTE and styrene in pyrolysis oil is reported in our previous work elsewhere. 37 Figure 9A shows the comparison of GC-FID characteristics of pyrolysis oil obtained from thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of WEPS at an optimum heating rate, that is, 15 C/min for all types of pyrolysis and optimum temperature of 650 C for thermal pyrolysis, 600 C for Xtype/liquid phase, and 550 C for Y-type/vapour phase and XY-type/multiphase pyrolysis, respectively. It is seen from Figure 9A that the intensity of peaks related to the benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene was gradually increased in the order of thermal < X-type < Y-type-< XY-type.…”

Section: Aromatic Content Bte In Pyrolysis Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the pyrolysis of polystyrene using catalyst gives little lower styrene (55.78 wt%) in the pyrolysis oil. 37 Most of the studies on catalytic pyrolysis of WEPS performed in a simple semi-batch type of reactor for liquid phase catalytic reaction only. No such work on the catalyst synthesis from natural red clay and subsequent use in the catalytic pyrolysis of waste polystyrene is found in the open literature till date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and efficient use of low‐cost natural red clay catalyst for the production of upgraded fuel oil using pyrolysis of waste expanded polystyrene and in situ vapour phase hydrogenation

Verma

Sharma

Pramanik

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The waste expanded polystyrene (WEPS) was subjected to the pyrolysis and in situ hydrogenation process in a laboratory fabricated innovative reactor on a red clay catalyst in the temperature range of 400°C to 700°C. Five different catalysts were synthesized from the eco‐friendly and non‐toxic red clay, that is, red clay in natural form (RC), red clay calcined at 600°C (RC‐600), red clay calcined at 700°C (RC‐700), red clay calcined at 800°C (RC‐800), and red clay calcined at 900°C (RC‐900). The catalytic pyrolysis of WEPS, in situ hydrogenation, and aromatization were performed keeping the synthesized catalyst in different reactor arrangements, that is, liquid phase/X‐type, vapour phase/Y‐type, and multiphase/XY‐type. The raw and calcined red clay catalysts were characterized by various characterization techniques such as SEM‐EDX, BET, XRD, and FTIR. The calcination temperature greatly influenced the surface morphology and surface area of the red clay catalysts. The surface morphology of calcined red clay catalyst RC‐800 shows nano cluster form of particles with very high porosity. The highest surface area of 29.25 m2/g and highest silica content of 56.82 wt% were found for the RC‐800 catalyst. Furthermore, the XRD analysis ensured the presence of illite‐micas, α‐quartz, κ‐kappa alumina, δ‐delta alumina, and θ‐theta alumina in the RC‐800 catalyst only. The presence of strong Bronstedacid sites in RC‐800 catalyst was confirmed by the FTIR analysis. The highest liquid yield of 94.37 wt% was obtained for the thermal pyrolysis of WEPS at the optimum temperature of 650°C and heating rate of 15°C/min. The maximum BTE content of 11.38 wt% was recorded for the pyrolysis oil obtained from the thermal pyrolysis of WEPS at the same optimum conditions. On the other side, the highest liquid yield of 88.82 wt% was obtained for the X‐type pyrolysis at the optimum temperature of 600°C and heating rate of 15°C/min using red clay catalyst RC‐800. The Y‐type and XY‐type pyrolysis produced maximum liquid yield of 80.81 wt% and 79.47 wt%, respectively, at the optimum temperature of 550°C and at heating rate of 15°C/min using the same red clay catalyst RC‐800. However, the multiphase/XY‐type pyrolysis produced the highest BTE content of 27.62 wt% and lowest styrene content (60.75 wt%) at a temperature of 550°C using RC‐800 catalyst among all types of pyrolysis. The maximum styrene content of 84.74 wt% was found in pyrolysis oil obtained from thermal pyrolysis of WEPS at optimum conditions. The styrene content obtained reduced significantly from 68.83 wt% to 60.75 wt% when the reactor arrangement was changed from X‐type to XY‐type. The pyrolysis oil obtained from XY‐type/multiphase pyrolysis was found suitable for the use in internal combustion (IC) engine.

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Synthesis of Modified River Clay Catalyst for Valuable BTE Production via Catalytic Pyrolysis of Hazardous Plastic Waste

Verma,

Pramanik

2023

ChemistrySelect

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In the present study, silica‐alumina rich river clay calcined at different temperatures are used as low cost natural green catalyst for the production of valuable aromatics benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene (BTE) via multiphase/Mp‐type catalytic pyrolysis of waste expanded polystyrene (WEPS). The calcined river clay catalysts are designated as RHC‐600, RHC‐700, RHC‐800 and RHC‐900 after calcination at the temperature of 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C, respectively. Whereas, the natural river harvested clay is designated as RHC. The RHC‐800 catalyst is found to be the best catalyst for the WEPS pyrolysis due to its highest surface area of 18.83 m2/g and high silica to alumina (Si/Al) ratio of 2.23 among all other river harvested clay catalysts. The styrene content get reduced from 84.74 wt.% to 65.30 wt.% and BTE content increased from 11.38 wt.% to 23.51 wt.% when the process is switched over from thermal to Mp‐type catalytic pyrolysis using RHC‐800 catalyst. The promising results of RHC‐800 indicate that it can be an alternative to commercial catalyst for pyrolysis applications.

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Pyrolysis of waste expanded polystyrene and reduction of styrene via in-situ multiphase pyrolysis of product oil for the production of fuel range hydrocarbons

Cited by 26 publications

References 45 publications

Production and Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of the Pyrolytic Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Different Thermoplastics and Plastic Mixtures

Production and Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of the Pyrolytic Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Different Thermoplastics and Plastic Mixtures

Synthesis and efficient use of low‐cost natural red clay catalyst for the production of upgraded fuel oil using pyrolysis of waste expanded polystyrene and in situ vapour phase hydrogenation

Synthesis of Modified River Clay Catalyst for Valuable BTE Production via Catalytic Pyrolysis of Hazardous Plastic Waste

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