The purpose of this study was to compare different methods to identify the lactate threshold (LT) and glucose threshold (GT) on resistance exercise for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Nine men with type 2 diabetes (47.2 +/- 12.4 years, 87.6 +/- 20.0 kg, 174.9 +/- 5.9 cm, and 22.4 +/- 7.2% body fat) performed incremental tests (ITs) on the leg press (LP) and bench press (BP) at relative intensities of 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) at each 1-minute stage. During the 2-minute interval between stages, 25 mul of capillary blood were collected from the earlobe for blood lactate [Lac] and blood glucose [Gluc] analysis (YSI 2700S). The LT in the LP and BP was identified at IT by the inflexion in [Lac] response as well as by an equation originated from a polynomial adjustment (LTp) of the [Lac]/% 1RM ratio responses. The lowest [Gluc] during the IT identified the GT. The analysis of variance did not show differences among the 1RM at the thresholds identified by different methods in the LP (LTLP = 31.0% +/- 5.3% 1RM; GTLP = 32.1% +/- 6.1% 1RM; LTpLP = 36.7% +/- 5.6% 1RM; p > 0.05) and BP (LTBP = 29.9% +/- 8.5% 1RM; GTBP = 32.1% +/- 8.5% 1RM; LTpBP = 31.8% +/- 6.7% 1RM; p > 0.05). It was concluded that it was possible to identify the LT and GT in resistance exercise by different methods for individuals with type 2 diabetes with no differences between them. The intensities (kg) corresponding to these thresholds were between 46% and 60% of the body weight on the LP and between 18% and 26% of the body weight on the BP, in which the exercise prescription would be done to this intensity in 3 sets of 20 to 30 repetitions each and 1 minute of rest while alternating the muscle groups for blood glucose control for individuals with characteristics similar to the participants.

Bases and objective: This is a comparative and descriptive study that aims at analyzing the strength for the different angles of the knee flexion and extension in militaries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extensor and flexor muscles of the knee joint for different angles by means of the Modified Sphygmomanometer (MS) in healthy militaries. Methods: The sample was composed of 31 militaries as follows: 19 male and 12 female with average age of 26.5 ± 5.8 years; respective average height of 162.00 ± 0.06 (cm) and 175.00 ± 0.06 (cm) and average body mass of 56.83 ± 5.85 (kg) and 73.25 ± 10.46 (kg). The evaluation methodology was the one proposed by Helewa, Goldsmith and Smithe (1981) using Modified Sphygmomanometer (MS). The maximal isometric contractions at 30 o of flexion and 30 o /90 o of extension were obtained in the Make test, in the Inbaf flexion-extension table and recorded by the MS Tycos. The data was analyzed using the "t" Student-test to compare the averages, and the significance level adopted was p > 0.05. Results: In both the female and the male groups, significant difference was only observed between angles of 30 and 90 degrees of the right knee extension (p > 0.05). At angles of 90 degrees for the knee extension and of 30 degrees for knee flexion, no intra-groups significant differences were observed (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Militaries present strength differences between knee joint anterior and posterior muscular groups at the different angles studied. The methodology used showed to be satisfactory for the strength qualitative evaluation.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between inflammatory, metabolic, and anthropometrical parameters of elderly women with insulin resistance (IR) and without insulin resistance (WIR). One hundred and seventy-two elderly women aged 67.5 (± 5 years) were submitted to anthropometrical analysis, by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and biochemistry tests such as lipidogram, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and Interferon-gamma. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat mass, triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein, fasting glucose, and insulin were significantly higher, while lean body mass was lower (p < 0.05), in elderly with IR as compared to WIR. There was no significant difference between groups in the inflammatory parameters. Elderly women Brief Report at NANYANG TECH UNIV LIBRARY on June 7, 2015 roa.sagepub.com Downloaded from

The present study sought to assess the rational use of antimicrobial agents in a Brazilian intensive care unit (ICU) and its association with antimicrobial resistance in elderly patients admitted to the unit. Results: Choice of empiric and sensitivity-guided therapy was inadequate in > 80% and 59% of cases respectively. Inadequate antimicrobial therapy, whether empiric or sensitivity-guided, was positively correlated with bacterial resistance (r = 0.316; p = 0.001). Sensitivity testing revealed a 46.5% resistance rate to eight out of the ten most commonly used antibiotics.

Resumo: Recentemente, pesquisadores desenvolveram uma nova equação para estimativa da Freqüência Cardíaca Máxima (FCmáx) em indivíduos de ambos os sexos, demonstrando que a equação (220-idade), usualmente utilizada tende a superestimar a FC máx. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a precisão e aplicabilidade de equações de estimativa da FC máx em homens e mulheres jovens aparentemente saudáveis (n = 122) com idade entre 17 e 33 anos (21,48±3,67). Para a determinação da FC máx de referência (FC ref), foi realizado teste de esforço máximo em esteira rolante com incremento de cargas progressivas. Os resultados demonstram que as equações (220-idade) (198,40±3,70); Jones et al. (196,00±2,30) e Tanaka et al. (192,90±2,50), estudadas apresentam uma baixa correlação com a FC ref observada, sendo que a variação foi entre (0,07; 0,02; e 0,02), respectivamente, demonstrando não haver signifi cância (p > 0,05). Verifi cou-se também que, com exceção da equação proposta por Tanaka et al. (2001), as demais apresentaram tendência signifi cativa em superestimar a FC ref Wilk's Λ = 0,001 F (3,119) = 29265,85; p = 0,001. Concluise assim que, dentre as equações analisadas, a que apresenta melhor relação com os valores de referência em indivíduos jovens foi a de Tanaka et al. (2001), sendo necessários outros estudos que envolvam indivíduos em diferentes faixas etárias. Palavras-chave-Equações; Freqüência Cardíaca Máxima; prescrição; saúde.

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BackgroundStudies in ethnic minority communities with social isolation have low genetic variability. Furthermore, assuming that any attempt to determine ageing by chronological cuts is misleading, it is recommended that functional capacity assessments be performed especially during and at the end of adulthood. Specifically, muscle strength performance is an interesting screening measure of functional capacity because of its association with functional level. However, the behaviour of the muscle strength manifestation between sexes and its association with body composition (BC) parameters in a low genetic variability community are unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the influence of BC and sex on the handgrip strength of mature remaining Quilombolas.MethodsSeventy Quilombola volunteers of both sexes (♀ = 39; ♂ = 31) were recruited. BC and muscle strength were tested by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and handgrip equipment (Jamar), respectively. Correlations between muscle strength and age and BC parameters were determined by Spearman equation. In addition, it has executed comparisons of BC and age between strongest and weakest men and women from the interquartile analysis by Mann–Whitney U test. The significance level was adopted: P ≤ 0.05.ResultsOf the 70 remaining Quilombolas, with a mean age 64.6 ± 7.07 years, 55.7% were women with a mean age of 63.77 ± 7.56 years and 44.3% men with 65.65 ± 7.87 years. Statistical differences were identified for all parameters of BC and performance evaluated between men and women, except for the ratio of appendicular and axial fat‐free mass (P = 0.183). The evaluation of the influence of BC on strength identified that Quilombola men and women have different processes in the decline of strength, considering both the correlation's tests and the comparisons between groups of different degrees of strength.ConclusionsFor Quilombola individuals, strength is a variable that can be modulated due to the influence of gender and BC.

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