This study evaluates the effectiveness of the economic laws some of which were introduced in the IMF‐led post‐crisis reforms to address serious problems faced by the Indonesian economy. It is argued in the study that the economic law reform has not been as effective as expected since the implementation of a law has not conformed with legal policy. The objective of the legal policy of the Bankruptcy Act, which was enacted in accordance with IMF conditionality, was to liquidate insolvent domestic companies and to relieve foreign creditors. At the implementation stage, however, the ruling of the commercial courts was often handed down against creditors. The ineffective implementation was due to several factors; one of them was judges' defensive reaction to possible hostile takeover by foreign creditors.
The author elaborates toward legal education reforms in Indonesia that embarked to curricula adjustment for graduate program. The points of adjustment is aimed to providing dogmatic legal knowledge to the scholar's. In legal education reform needs to put emphasis on the solution focused that must be applied as achievable and virtually by learners, teachers and stakeholders. In Indonesian experiences toward impulsive changing and definite will result contra productive affects. Here is also reminded on the legal educations reform will need time, energy, finances, and passions. The four factors can not be disregarded on their cohessions and the author has stressed that finance is the key element.
This article seeks to discuss responsibilities the state should take into consideration in the ratification process of international agreements. Such a discussion is needed due to many international agreements that Indonesia has participated in, either by signing orby ratification in the forms of legislations or presidential decrees. It is concluded from the article that there are two responsibilities have to be taken in the process of ratification; first, ensuring the compliance of any international agreements with the Constitution. Not only do the Constitution functions as agrand norm in the hierarchy of Indonesian law, the compliance with the Constitution is also urgent to ensure the uniformity of government perception when dealing with the international agreements with the people’s perception and to avoidany vested interests from other countries against the sovereignty of Indonesia considering that the international agreements might have been used as political instruments by one country over the others. Second, the responsibility to transform the international agreements into the national laws. The transformation, particularly of the international agreements with law making treaties, is essential to change any regulations of certain countries into legislations in other countries.
Abstrak
Artikel ini membahas kewajiban apa saja yang harus dilakukan negara dalam proses ratifikasi perjanjian internasional. Pembahasan ini diperlukan karena telah banyak perjanjian internasional yang diikuti oleh Indonesia, baik melalui penandatanganan maupun ratifikasi dalam bentuk pengesahannya berupa undang-undang atau peraturan presiden. Artikel ini menyimpulkan ada dua kewajiban yang harus dilakukan dalam proses ratifikasi, yaitu, pertama, memastikan keselarasan perjanjian internasional dengan Konstitusi. Selain karena Konstitusi merupakan norma tertinggi dalam hirarki peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia, keselaran dengan Konstitusi juga diperlukan untuk memastikan kesamaan persepsi pemerintah ketika hendak mengikuti suatu perjanjian internasional dengan persepsi rakyat dan memastikan terhindarnya intervensi terselubung yang dilakukan oleh negara lain terhadap kedaulatan negara mengingat perjanjian internasional kerap dijadikan instrumen politik oleh satu negara terhadap negara lain. Kedua, kewajiban mentransformasikan perjanjian internasional ke dalam hukum nasional. Kewajiban transformasi ini, terutama pada perjanjian internasional yang memiliki substansi “law making treaties”, dilakukan untuk mengubah ketentuan yang berlaku dalam suatu negara, dalam hal ini berarti perlu penerjemahan ketentuan dalam perjanjian internasional ke dalam peraturan perundang-undangan suatu negara.
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