Ocular herpes, caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and type 2 (HSV‐2) infections, remains an important corneal disease, which may result in loss of vision. Because the frequency of acyclovir resistance in HSV has increased, novel antiviral agents are needed for therapeutic approaches to ocular herpes. Several studies have demonstrated that fusion proteins containing entire ectodomain of HSV glycoprotein D receptors, including herpesvirus entry mediator A (HVEM), nectin‐1 and nectin‐2, and the Fc portion of human IgG (HVEMIg, nectin‐1Ig, and nectin‐2Ig, respectively), can exert antiviral effects in vitro and in vivo. Here, to evaluate the antiviral potential of HVEMIg, nectin‐1Ig, and nectin‐2Ig against ocular infections with HSV, transgenic mice expressing these fusion proteins were ocularly inoculated with HSV‐1 and HSV‐2. Transgenic mouse lines expressing HVEMIg and nectin‐1Ig showed marked resistance to ocular herpes; on the other hand, mouse lines expressing nectin‐2Ig did not. Furthermore, to investigate the therapeutic effects of nectin‐1Ig, which can neutralize HSVs in vitro against ocular disease, transgenic mouse serum containing nectin‐1Ig was dropped into the eyes of wild‐type mice after HSV infection. Reduction of severe symptoms could be observed in mice treated with nectin‐1Ig serum. These results warrant further study of soluble HVEM and nectin‐1 products as preventive and therapeutic agents against ocular herpes caused by HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 infections, especially nectin‐1Ig as a new eye drop.
We conducted a serological survey to detect antibodies against influenza A virus (IAV) in Japanese wild boars in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan, between 2014 and 2017. Seroprevalence against a pandemic‐like swine H1N1 (H1N1pdm) virus was identified in 27.1% of specimens, and 1.7% were positive for both swine H1N2 and H3N2 viruses, indicating that wild boars could play an important role in the dynamics of H1N1pdm viral dispersion in the wild. The high frequency of positive results for sera against the H1N1pdm virus suggests that cross‐species IAV transmission between wild boars, livestock, and humans is a threat to veterinary and public health.
We investigated factors involved in the etiology of mesenteric fat necrosis in Japanese black cattle using , cases in the carcass inspection database. The incidence was significantly higher in females than in castrated males and increased with age. It dif fered significantly among farms (P .). In addition, this disease was found to have a correlation to perirenal fat necrosis, gastritis, hemorrhagic inflammation, pneumonia and hepatitis in farms with a higher incidence rate. These findings suggest that sex, age and feeding management methods are related to the onset of mesenteric fat necrosis in Japanese black cattle.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.