Serological survey of influenza A virus infection in Japanese wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax)

Abstract

We conducted a serological survey to detect antibodies against influenza A virus (IAV) in Japanese wild boars in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan, between 2014 and 2017. Seroprevalence against a pandemic‐like swine H1N1 (H1N1pdm) virus was identified in 27.1% of specimens, and 1.7% were positive for both swine H1N2 and H3N2 viruses, indicating that wild boars could play an important role in the dynamics of H1N1pdm viral dispersion in the wild. The high frequency of positive results for sera against the H1N1pdm virus suggests that cross‐species IAV transmission between wild boars, livestock, and humans is a threat to veterinary and public health.

Experimental and natural infections of white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) with high pathogenicity avian influenza virus of H5 subtype

“…Three Okhotsk atka mackerel ( Pleurogrammus azonus ) were fed to each bird daily. The absence of specific antibodies against the H5 HPAI virus in the sera of white-tailed sea eagles was confirmed by a neutralization test performed using cultured cells and A/black swan/Akita/1/2016 (H5N6) prior to experimental infection, following a previous report (Fujimoto et al, 2019 ). The body temperature and weight of the eagles were measured using a digital hanging scale and a rectal thermometer, respectively, immediately before viral inoculation and every morning after viral inoculation.…”

Genetic characterization of hepatitis E virus from wild boar in China

“…Frequent evidence of wild animals being HEV reservoirs for humans have been reported in Asian countries as a consequence of human HE cases following consumption of uncooked or undercooked wild boar meat (Li et al., 2005; Tei et al., 2003). Indeed, wild boars appear to play an important role in the zoonotic spread of viruses, including HEV (Kozyra et al., 2020), pseudorabies virus (Pacini et al., 2020), influenza A virus (Fujimoto et al., 2019), and African swine fever virus (Li et al., 2019). Although the serum epidemiological investigation of HEV infection in farmed wild boars from Jilin province of China was previously conducted (Liang et al., 2019), no data about the epidemiological situations of HEV infection in free‐ranging wild boars in China have been reported.…”

A Systematic Review Analyzing the Prevalence and Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Swine Population Worldwide

“…But, the active IAV infection could not be identified in these wild boars as all the nasal swab samples were negative for IAV and IBV [125]. In a more recent investigation, fifteen wild boars were found seropositive for A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in Kagoshima Prefecture between November 2014-December 2017 while two of these fifteen wild boars had antibodies against H1N2 and H3N2 viruses as well [126]. This reflected a past exposure of the Japanese wild boars to the IAV strains.…”

“…Africa Cameroon H1N1, A(H1N1)pdm09 None [51][52][53] Nigeria H1N1, H3N2, A(H1N1)pdm09, H5N1 None [52,[54][55][56][57][58][59] Ghana H3N2 None [57] Egypt H5N1, H5N2, H9N2, A(H1N1)pdm09 None [60,61] Kenya H1N1, H3N2, A(H1N1)pdm09 None [62][63][64] Benin, Cote d'Ivoire None None [65] Reunion island A(H1N1)pdm09 None [66] Togo A(H1N1)pdm09 None [67] Uganda IAV None [68] Asia China H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, A(H1N1)pdm09, H5N1, H9N2, H4N1, H4N6, H5N3, H10N5, H4N8, H6N6, H7N9, H3N8 ICV, IDV Bhutan H1N1, A(H1N1)pdm09 None [107] Cambodia H1N1, H3N2, A(H1N1)pdm09 None [108,109] Japan H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, A(H1N1)pdm09 ICV [110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] South Korea H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, A(H1N1)pdm09, H7N2, H5N2, H3N1 None [127][128][129][130][131]…”