A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) abruptly emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019 and rapidly spread globally to cause the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we examined the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of the potent disinfectant Cleverin, the major disinfecting component of which is chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) and the results were compared with that of sodium hypochlorite in the presence or absence of 0.5% or 1.0% fetal bovine serum (FBS). When SARS-CoV-2 viruses were treated with 0.8 ppm ClO 2 or sodium hypochlorite, viral titre was decreased only by 1 log TCID 50 /mL in 3 min. However, the viral titre was decreased by more than 4 logs TCID 50 /mL when treated with 80 ppm of each chemical for 10 sec regardless of presence or absence of FBS. It should be emphasized that treatment with 24 ppm of ClO 2 inactivated more than 99.99% SARS-CoV-2 within 10 sec or 99.99% SARS-CoV-2 in 1 min in the presence of 0.5% or 1.0% FBS, respectively. In contrast, 24 ppm of sodium hypochlorite was able to inactivate only 99% or 90% SARS-CoV-2 in 3 min under similar conditions. Notably, except ClO 2 the other components of Cleverin such as sodium chlorite, decaglycerol monolaurate and silicone showed no significant antiviral activity. Altogether, the results strongly suggest that although ClO 2 and sodium hypochlorite are strong antiviral agents in absence of organic matters but in presence of organic matters ClO 2 is a more potent antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 than sodium hypochlorite.

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Anisakiasis is common in countries where raw or incompletely cooked marine fish are consumed. Currently, effective therapeutic methods to treat anisakiasis are unavailable. A recent study found that wood creosote inactivates the movement of Anisakis species. Essential oil of Origanum compactum containing carvacrol and thymol, which are similar to the constituents of wood creosote, was reported to inactivate Anisakis by inhibiting its acetylcholinesterase. We examined whether wood creosote can also inhibit acetylcholinesterase. We examined the effect of components of wood creosote using the same experimental method. A computer simulation experiment (molecular docking) was also performed. Here, we demonstrate that wood creosote inactivated acetylcholinesterase in a dose-dependent manner with an IC 50 of 0.25 mg/mL. Components of wood creosote were also tested individually: 5-methylguaiacol, p-cresol, guaiacol, o-cresol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, m-cresol, phenol and 4-methylguaiacol inactivated the enzyme with an IC 50 of 14.

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Anisakiasis is a common disease in countries such as Japan, where raw or undercooked marine fish are frequently consumed. The disease is caused by accidental ingestion of a live larva of <i>Anisakis</i> in raw or undercooked marine fish. In typical cases, it causes abrupt gastrointestinal symptoms, such as epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. According to a published report, the disease was alleviated by oral ingestion of an over-the-counter drug containing wood creosote. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed an in vitro experiment to elucidate whether wood creosote can inhibit the motor activity of <i>Anisakis</i> larvae, using infrared locomotion tracking and agarose gel penetration techniques. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our results clearly demonstrate that wood creosote inhibits the motor activity of <i>Anisakis</i> larvae. The concentration of wood creosote used in our experiment is similar to that found in stomach juice when a usual oral dose is taken of the medicine containing wood creosote. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Our results suggest the potential usefulness of the medicine containing wood creosote in the treatment of acute <i>Anisakis</i> infection of the gastrointestinal tract.

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