A B S T R A C TPeople can't detached from plants in fulfilling their needs, such as plant as food additives. This study aimed to know the types and parts of plants as food additives, and its benefits, as well as its utilization by people of Pekuncen District Banyumas Regency. This research used survey method with purposive random sampling and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicated 34 species of 19 familia plants used as food additives. The part of plants used as food additives were tubers, rhizomes, seeds, stems, leaves and fruits. Food additive plants were utilized as flavor enhancer, natural dye, preservatives and acid flavor. The plants were utilized by cooking, cuting, crushing, shredding, grinding, "dikeprek", roasting, boiling, and marinating.KEY WORDS: plants, utilization, food additives Penulis korespondensi: SUKARSA | email: esakarsa@yahoo.co.id P E N D A H U L U A NEtnobotani merupakan kajian mengenai interaksi antara masyarakat lokal dengan lingkungan alamnya, terutama mengenai penggunaan tumbuhan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari (Martin, 1998). Penggunaan tumbuhan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari antara lain dapat berupa tumbuhan sebagai bahan pangan. Cornelius (1984) menyatakan bahwa tumbuhan pangan adalah segala sesuatu yang tumbuh, hidup, berbatang, berakar, berdaun, dan dapat dimakan atau dikonsumsi oleh manusia.Meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya hidup sehat, tuntutan masyarakat terhadap bahan pangan juga bergeser. Bahan pangan yang kini banyak diminati masyarakat bukan saja yang mempunyai komposisi gizi yang baik serta penampakan dan cita rasanya menarik, tetapi juga harus memiliki fungsi fisiologis tertentu bagi tubuh (Astawan 2003). Untuk membuat makanan yang lezat, menarik dan tahan lama diperlukan penanganan serta penambahan bahan tambahan pangan (BTP) yang tepat.Bahan tambahan pangan (BTP) adalah bahan atau campuran bahan yang secara alami bukan merupakan bagian dari bahan baku pangan, tetapi ditambahkan ke dalam pangan untuk mempengaruhi sifat atau bentuk bahan pangan (Winarno, 1991). Cahyadi (2006) menyatakan bahwa tujuan penggunaan BTP di dalam pangan adalah untuk: 1) mengawetkan makanan dengan mencegah pertumbuhan mikroba perusak pangan atau mencegah terjadinya reaksi kimia yang dapat menurunkan mutu pangan; 2) membentuk makanan menjadi lebih baik, renyah dan lebih enak di mulut; 3) memberikan warna dan aroma yang lebih menarik sehingga menambah selera; 4) meningkatkan kualitas pangan dan 5) menghemat biaya.Berdasarkan sumbernya, bahan tambahan pangan dapat digolongkan menjadi 2 golongan yakni bahan tambahan pangan alami dan buatan. Bahan tambahan pangan alami dipandang lebih aman bagi kesehatan dan mudah didapat, sedangkan bahan tambahan sintesis dikhawatirkan dapat menimbulkan efek samping terhadap kesehatan. Penggunaan bahan tambahan sintesis sebaiknya dengan dosis dibawah ambang batas yang telah ditentukan (Saparinto dan Hidayati, 2006).Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari BTP sudah digunakan secara umum oleh masyarakat. Salah s...
A study on the “Phenetic analysis of Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum frutescens L. “ has been conducted from June to August 2012. The aim of the research is to know the relationship amoung big chillis and small chillis based on morphology. The samples were taken from 5 villages in Sukamantri Sub-district, Ciamis. The method used in this research was explorative survey with purposive random sampling. The character data of big chili and small chili morphologies were analyzed descriptively to determine the relationship using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Mean Arithmetic) methods. The result of this study showed that there were seven cultivars of big chilli, namely C. annuum „Hot Chili‟, Gada, Fantastik, Keriting TM 888, Tanjung 2, Keriting TM 999, Hot Beauty, and four cultivars of small chilli namely C. frutescens „Cakra Ungu‟, Cakra Hijau, Bendot, and Cakra Putih. The fenogram showed that there were five groups, two groups of C. annuum and three groups of C. frutescens. The first group consisted of C. annuum „Hot Chili‟, Keriting TM 888, Fantastik, and Tanjung 2. The second group consisted of C. annuum „Gada‟, Hot Beauty, and Keriting TM 999. The third group was C. frutescens „Bendot‟. The fourth group consisted of C. frutescens „Cakra Putih‟, and C. frutescens „Cakra Hijau‟. The fifth group was C. frutescens „Ungu‟. The closest relationship was between C. annuum „Keriting TM 999‟ and C. annuum „Hot Beauty‟ and the farthest relationship was between C. frutescens „Bendot‟ and C. frutescens „Ungu‟.
<p>The fish’s reproduction status is affected by both fed compositions and vitamins intake lead to determine improvement of eggs quality as well as fish production. The presence of Ascorbic Acid (AA) in the cultivation ponds, might accelerate female’s gonad maturation and so rematuration. The research aimed to determine: (1) Level gonad maturity of supplementation Ascorbic Acid; (2) Oocyts diameter; (3) Larvae survival rate. The research used experimental methods.The method was a completely randomized design (CRD) of 4 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were supplementation of AA at different dosages of 0, 600, 1200 and 1800 mg/kg fish-fed ration.The gonad maturity level was analysed descriptively and oocyte diameter and larvae survival rate data were analysed by ANOVA. The result showed that supplementation of AA at a dosage of 1200 mg / kg fish-fed ration accelerated the process of gonad maturity, development of oocyt diameter and larvae survival rate as well as the viability of <em>O. vittatus</em> larvae at 90 rearing days.<em> </em>In this case, level IV gonad maturity was reached at 90 days which characterized by completed vitelogenesis process and oocyte diameter of 1.1 mm. Thus, this study useful for aquaculture science by provide information on utilization of ascobic acid as food supplement in fish culture and also for fish farmer who wish to accelerate <em>O. vittatus</em> reproduction.</p>
Purpose – This paper seeks to discover the factors that influence the supervisor to give the punishment level to civil servant staff—the data being used is a questionnaire to several civil servants in public academic institutions. Methodology/approach – This research used computational tools to classify transgressions into punishment categories (light, medium, or severe) with the model using the data science technique based on the partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. Findings – It was found that the model of civil servant discipline in Indonesia is based on 14 hypotheses from bootstrapping technique and by using data science technique to support the result analysis of PLS-SEM. Novelty/value – This research contributed to providing civil servant supervisors to understand factors that influence the discipline of their staff, so it can be used to determine the punishment categorization.
Amalah N, Widyartini DS, Christiani, Hidayah HP. 2018. The effect of dilution level of liquid tapioca waste culture medium and concentration of phosphate on the growth of microalgae Navicula sp.. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 65-69. Liquid tapioca waste can be used as microalgae culture medium due to its nutrient contents that can support the life of microalgae. Liquid tapioca waste contains phosphate nutrient that can influence cell division and fat formation. Liquid tapioca waste is usually still highly concentrated, so it has to be diluted first to allow the light penetrates the microalgae growth medium. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of interaction between dilution level of liquid tapioca waste and concentration of phosphate on the density of Navicula sp. This research employed a factorial treatment design laid out in a Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was the dilution level of liquid tapioca liquid waste, consisted of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, and the second factor was the concentration of phosphate comprised of 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, and 30 ppm. ANOVA results indicated a significant interaction between the dilution level of liquid tapioca waste and concentration of phosphate on the density of Navicula sp. DMRT post hoc test showed that dilution of liquid tapioca liquid at the level of 20% without phosphate addition was the best treatment that produced the highest Navicula sp. density.
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