The objectives of the research were to find out the effect of giving sedges root extract orally on the number of writhing after chemical pain induction and time reaction after thermal pain induction of mice and also to find out the extract dosage which had an influence on decreasing number of writhing after chemical pain induction and length of reaction time after thermal pain induction of mice. The Complete Random Design (CRD) with 6 treatment groups and each treatment used 5 repetitions were used in this study. The groups were: Group I , control group, treated with sedges root extract of 0 mg/ 20 g BW , 0,5 ml; Group II treated with sedges root extract of 1 mg/ 20 g BW, 0,5 ml; Group III treated with sedges root extract of 3 mg/ 20 g BW, 0,5 ml; Group IV treated with sedges root extract of 5 mg/ 20 g BW, 0,5 ml; Group V treated with sedges root extract of 7 mg/ 20 g BW, 0,5 ml; Group VI treated with asetosal 200 mg/ kg BW , 0,5 ml/ 20 g BW and for the activity test, the sedges root extract was suspended in CMC 1%. Induction of chemical pain was done according to Witkin et al. (1965) in Pudjiastuti et al. (2000), in which 0,1 ml 3% of Acetic Acid/ 20 g BB was injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes after giving oral-material test. The mouse gave a respond in the way of writhing. Thermal pain induction was done by placing the mouse on hot plate with constant temperature of 55oC. The mouse gave a respond in the way of lick its back foot or even jumping. The data collected was analyzed using one direction ANOVA model and it was continued with LSD test in order to find out the difference every treatment group. The result of the analysis showed that the sedges root extract dosage of 7 mg/ 20 g BB decreased the number of writhing after chemical pain induction and length of mouse time reaction after thermal pain induction, so that sedges root extract dosage 7 mg/ 20 g BB had an analgetic function.
Assesing the Finansial Performance of PT. Sepatu Bata Indonesia Tbk before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic is a study conducted with the aim of looking at the company’s financial performance including the level og liquidity, solvency, and profitability. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using secondary data obtained from the PT. Sepatu Bata Indonesia Tbk's official website for the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sample is the annual report of PT. Sepatu Bata Indoensia Tbk for the period of 2016-2020. The financial analysis used is a ratio analysis which includes liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and profitability ratios. The findings revealed that the Covid-19 pandemic has an effect on the company's financial performance. Especially in the calculation of net profit margin (NPM, return on asset (ROA), and return on equity (ROE), this is because sales in 2020 experienced a significant decline. Thus, the net profit obtained in 2020 also decreased to minus Rp177.761.030.000, net profit recorded a new history for PT. Sepatu Bata Indonesia Tbk for the last five years. Research related to financial performance analysis is significant, especially with the expansion of research and the use of other financial analysis tool such as Common-Size by focusing on certain items in the balance sheet report.
Abstrak: Tujuan yang ingin dicapai oleh peneliti adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media Word Square terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PKn siswa kelas X SMA Muhammadiyah Sape tahun ajaran 2015/2016Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalan kuantitatif, dengan pendekatan eksperimen, desain yang digunakan yaitu pra esksperimen dalam bentuk static group comparison. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan menggunakan dua kelas yaitu kelas X1 dan kelas X4. X1 Kelas sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan jumlah siswa 35 orang sedangkan kelas X4 dijadikan sebagai kelas kontrol dengan jumlah siswa 40 orang, pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes pilihan ganda. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data kuantitatif dan sumber data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan skunder. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah rumus statistik berupa rumus t-tes.Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan maka yang dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa pada taraf signifikan 5 % nilai thitung> ttabel tertera 2,788>1,671 artinya hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini berbunyi “ada pengaruh penggunaan media Word Square terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PKn siswa kelas X SMA Muhammadiyah Sape tahun ajaran 2015/2016” diterima. Nilai rata-rata untuk hasil kelas kontrol sebesar 73,75 sedangkan untuk hasil kelas eksperimen diperoleh nilia rata-rata 382,08. Dengan demikian dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa ada perbedaan antara strategi pembelajaran konvesional dengan media word square terdapat pengaruh hasil belajar PKn pada siswa kelas X SMA Muhammadiyah Sape tahun pelajaran 2015/2016.
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