No abstract

Recently, the green synthesis of nanomaterials has grown in popularity and has become one of the most used approaches. Plant extracts are safe for the environment and could be cost-effective for nanoparticle preparation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized using aqueous extracts of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) seeds. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by using an X-ray diffractometer, a UV-visible spectrometer, and a transmission electron microscope. The phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of different AgNP concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg·L−1) were evaluated by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination. The results showed that AgNPs did not significantly affect germination, while root and coleoptile lengths decreased considerably. On the contrary, the biomass of seedlings markedly increased in response to AgNP treatments. Moreover, genotoxicity was detected, especially at high concentrations of AgNPs. DNA, RNA, and total soluble proteins of wheat seedlings significantly decreased. In addition, antimicrobial activities of biosynthesized AgNPs were detected.

As a result of the emergence of new virus strains and the synthetics, virus infections pose significant global health challenges, so the need for new therapeutic drugs rises as new vi and bacterial infectious diseases emerge. This study aimed to synth extract and investigate their possible antiviral and antibacterial properties. X microscopy, and UV-Visible spectroscopy were used to validate the synthesis of Ag-NPs production through the shift from yellow color to dark brown color. TEM examination of Ag nanoparticles with mean sizes ranging from 2 to 9 nm and an average particle diameter of 2.5 spectrophotometric investigation revealed an absorption peak at action against the four studied bacteria, with the inhibition zones for Bacillus subtilis ranging from 6 to 25 mm, Staphylococcus aureus from 8 to 25 mm, and Escherichia coli from 10 to 19 mm, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa has shown resistance to the AgNPs solution. The MBC varied from 22.3 to 36.8 nanoparticles against the chosen bacterial strains ranged from 5.7 to 10.2 concentration (MNTC) of Ag-NPs, 10.56 µg/mL, the greenly generated Ag antiviral efficacy against HSV-1, HAV, and adenovirus Finally, The novelty in this study is the application of silver nanoparticles as an antiviral against HSV adenovirus because of the high mutation of viruses.