Phytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Nigella sativa Seeds on Wheat Seedlings

Abstract

Recently, the green synthesis of nanomaterials has grown in popularity and has become one of the most used approaches. Plant extracts are safe for the environment and could be cost-effective for nanoparticle preparation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized using aqueous extracts of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) seeds. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by using an X-ray diffractometer, a UV-visible spectrometer, and a transmission electron microscope. The phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of different AgNP concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg·L−1) were evaluated by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination. The results showed that AgNPs did not significantly affect germination, while root and coleoptile lengths decreased considerably. On the contrary, the biomass of seedlings markedly increased in response to AgNP treatments. Moreover, genotoxicity was detected, especially at high concentrations of AgNPs. DNA, RNA, and total soluble proteins of wheat seedlings significantly decreased. In addition, antimicrobial activities of biosynthesized AgNPs were detected.

Formulation and evaluation of azithromycin-loaded silver nanoparticles for the treatment of infected wounds

“…As shown in Fig. 5 , the AgNPs displayed a single absorption peak in the UV spectrum at a specific nm, aligning with the findings of ( Elshazly et al, 2022 ). The stability of the freshly prepared AgNPs was assessed over 14 days in a suspended state in distilled water, with continuous monitoring of the distinct absorption peak in the spectrum.…”

“…They are efficient against a variety of infections due to their broad-spectrum action, which lowers the possibility of resistance developing ( Saddik et al, 2021 , Abu-Dief et al, 2020 ). Additionally, it has been demonstrated that silver nanoparticles may successfully prevent and interfere with the formation of biofilms, which poses a serious problem for a number of industries, including healthcare and food processing ( Elshazly et al, 2022 ). Communities of bacteria known as biofilms are imprisoned in an extracellular polymeric matrix that they generate on their own, giving them remarkable resistance to conventional antimicrobial treatments.…”

“…Research on Escherichia coli has confirmed that the accumulation of AgNPs on the cell membrane creates gaps in the bilayer's integrity, thereby increasing its permeability and resulting in bacterial cell death. Various studies have highlighted the strong correlation between the activity of AgNPs and their size ( Abbasifar et al, 2017 ; Ahmadi, 2020 ; Cai et al, 2012 ; Du et al, 2020 ; Elshazly et al, 2022 ; Hassan et al, 2016 ; Panda et al, 2011 ; Salem and Samir, 2018 ; Zachar, 2020 ). Infected wounds pose a significant challenge in healthcare, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies.…”

Biosynthesis approach of zinc oxide nanoparticles for aqueous phosphorous removal: physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities

“…18 ). The average particle size is determined to be 8.13 nm, which is compatible with the findings of SEM and TEM [ 32 , 33 ]. The structural and microstructural parameters were estimated, including lattice parameters, lattice spacing, respective reflections, and particle sizes [ 34 ].…”

Identifying the Anti-MERS-CoV and Anti-HcoV-229E Potential Drugs from the Ginkgo biloba Leaves Extract and Its Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

“…Miller’s indices (h k l) were evaluated according to their two-theta degree values, and they were found to be (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0), and (3 1 2), corresponding to two-theta of values 37.9, 44.1, 64.2, and 77.2°, respectively. Thus, the XRD confirms the crystalline phase of the Ag NPs, and from the angle value, it is clear that the compound is stable [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]. The calculated average size of Ag NPs by the XRD line broadening method [ 56 ] was ~11.9 nm.…”