Background: Osteosarcoma is known as the malignant tumors of bone. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) has a powerful ability to induce apoptotic cell death in the different cancer cells however the mechanisms of action for C3G have not been clarified yet. Objective: In this study, we have investigated the apoptotic effects of C3G on three different osteosarcoma cell lines including Saso-2, MG-63, G-292 (clone A141B1). Methods: The 24 hours IC50 of C3G for Saso-2, G-292, and MG-63 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis induction in these cell lines after treatment with C3G approved by the way of Annexin V/PI flow cytometry. Changes at the mRNA expression level of PPARγ, P21, Bax, and Bcl-xl genes have investigated by real-time PCR technique, as well as P21 expression was further confirmed by western blotting. Results: The MTT assay results have demonstrated that the 24 hours IC50 of C3G for Saso-2 and G-292 cells was 110μg/ml while it was about 140μg/ml for the MG-63 cells. The results of real-time PCR have clearly shown that treatment of the cells with 24 hours IC50 of C3G case to upregulation of PPARγ, P21, and Bax genes. Also, western blot analyzing confirmed that P21 protein overexpressed endogenously after treatment of cells with C3G which it was more upregulated in MG-63 cells compared to the other cell lines. Conclusion: The final outcomes introduce the C3G as a novel anti-osteosarcoma agent with the ability to induce apoptosis in different osteosarcoma cells via upregulation of the PPARγ and the P21.
Background: Resveratrol is a phenolic natural product which is found in red grapes also in Japanese knotweed root (Polygonum cuspidatum). Naringenin is one of the flavonoid compounds found in landing grape and other citrus fruits. Both agents exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: In this study, we investigated the effect of Resveratrol and Naringenin in an in vitro model of retinoblastoma of the eye. Method: XTT and trypan blue assays used to evaluate the anti-proliferative/cytotixic effect of resveratrol and naringenin in Y79 cells. By the aid of AnnexinV/PI flow cytometry the kind of cell death investigated. To asses important gene expression level at mRNA level involve in apoptosis, Real-time PCR utilized. Results: Naringenin and resveratrol significantly decreased proliferation and stimulated cell death (mostly apoptosis) in Y79 cells at 50 and 100 (μg/ml) after 24 and 48 hours. More cytotoxic effect observed after 48 hours. Furthermore expression level of Bax and Bcl2 mRNAs altered significantly in all samples treated with 50 (μg/ml) of naringenin, resveratrol, or simultaneously with both. P21 mRNAs expression altered in all mentioned samples except those treated with 50 (μg/ml) of resveratrol. Results: Naringenin and resveratrol significantly decreased proliferation and stimulated cell death (mostly apoptosis) in Y79 cells at 50 and 100 (μg/ml) after 24 and 48 hours. More cytotoxic effect observed after 48 hours. Furthermore expression level of Bax and Bcl2 mRNAs altered significantly in all samples treated with 50 (μg/ml) of naringenin, resveratrol, or simultaneously with both. P21 mRNAs expression altered in all mentioned samples except those treated with 50 (μg/ml) of resveratrol. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that resveratrol and naringenin can decrease cell viability in retinoblastoma cells in an in vitro dose/time-dependent manner. Albeit more studies needed to shed the light on the mechanism of action, our data reveals a potential synergistic cytotoxic effect of naringenin and resveratrol on Y79 cells in 48 hours.
During the last months of the coronavirus pandemic, with all those public restrictions and health interventions, the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appears now to have been raised in some countries around the world. Iran was one of those first countries facing the second wave of coronavirus, due to the lack of appropriate public restrictions because of economic problems the country is facing. The clinical and demographic characteristics of severe cases and non-severe cases of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in 192 patients in Tehran, Iran, between June 16 and July 11, 2020, were investigated. The patients were divided into severe cases (n = 82) and non-severe cases (n = 110). Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the two study clusters. The mean age was 54.6 ± 17.2 years, and the most common presenting symptom was persistent cough (81.8%) and fever (79.7%). The logistic regression model revealed that age, BMI, and affected family members were statistically associated with severity. Patients with complicated conditions of disorders faced more hospitalization days and medical care than the average statistical data. As the coronavirus spike in the case and death reports from June 2020, we observed the rise in the incidence of severe cases, where 42.7% (82/192) of cases have resulted in severe conditions. Our findings also suggested that the effect of IFB (Betamethasone) was more valid than the other alternative drugs such as LPV/r and IVIg.
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