The anticoccidial effect of C. papaya and V. amygdalina crude juice was tested on 100 Eimeria tenella experimentally infected day-old Isa-brown male chicks in a completely randomized design, as an alternative coccidiosis control measure. Each chick received 3 x 10 4 E. tenella oocysts doses. The first and the second groups were orally treated with papaya and vernonia juice, for consecutive 5 days. The third and the fourth groups were medicated (sulfadimidine) and unmedicated controls. The papaya treatment improved the survivability by 20% compared with the unmedicated control group. Neither death nor bloody feces were found in the medicated control chick group. Similar body weight gains were observed in all groups at the end of the second week post inoculation. However, the papaya and vernonia effect represents only 59.31 and 40.78% of the medicated control efficacy, respectively, in terms of oocysts excretion reduction. Carica papaya did demonstrate in this first herein preliminary study an anticoccidial effect, however, the active substance need to be extracted and its dose and toxicity threshold to be further investigated.

A field study with a completely randomized design was carried out to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of dried seed meal of unripe mature papaya fruit on gastrointestinal parasites of the traditional chicken farming system in Ketou district. The targeted parasites were Ascaridia galli, Eimeria sp., Capillaria sp. and Heterakis sp. Nine chicken flock units of at least 10 local chicken were enrolled in the study which makes three experimental groups of chickens with three replications per treatment. The first group was treated with the Niclosamide-levamisole molecule complex, a conventional chicken antiparasitic drug (VPV: Vermifuge Polyvalent Volaille) with one tablet orally given to an individual adult and half a tablet orally given to an individual young chicken. The second group received, in drinking water, dried seed meal of papaya fruit at a dosage of 1 mg per chicken for 5 days. The third group received drinking water as a placebo. A total of 198 faecal samples were analysed in the laboratory with the quantitative flotation method using the McMaster Chamber. The results obtained demonstrated the effectiveness of Carica papaya extract treatment on coccidia in the first place and also on Ascaridia galli with effects comparable to that of the conventional antiparasitic drugs used in commercial chicken production system. The efficiency time period was 3 weeks for the extract of Carica papaya. This means that the treatment must be renewed every 3 weeks to guarantee its effectiveness. However, the most appropriate dose remains to be elucidated and the use of other organs of the plant for better efficacy will be the subjects of further investigations.

Anticoccidial drug residues in poultry products, prejudicial to consumer health and resistance problem of some Eimeria strain to conventional drugs have led to the search of alternative ways of controlling coccidiosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticoccidial activity of the extract of Khaya senegalensis, Chamaecrista rotundifolia, and Senna siamea in a completely randomized design. The study was carried out on 23 day-old male chicks (Gallus gallus) experimentally infected with 15 000 oocysts of Eimeria tenella and treated with the extract of these plants. There were five (5) experimental groups. Three (3) infected groups treated with leaf extract of Senna siamea, Chamaecrista rotundifolia and tree balk extract of Khaya senegalensis. The tow (2) remaining groups were the infected treated with amprolium a conventional anticoccidial drug and the infected untreated control. Body weight gain, feed efficiency, lesion score, proportion of bloody droppings, and excretion of coccidia oocysts were assessed during 14 days post infection. The results showed the effectiveness of the extract of Senna siamea leaves (cassia) and Khaya senegalensis bark, through the improvement of body weight gain and feed conversion ratio and the reduction of lesion scores and oocysts excretion. The oocysts excretion reduction rate was 80% for Senna siamea and Khaya senegalensis compared to the infected untreated control group. Senna siamea and Khaya senegalensis extract demonstrated an obvious anticoccidial effect in the current study. However, further investigations are needed to determine the appropriate doses, the best mode of the herbs utilization, preventive or curative, the best extraction method of active ingredient and the parts of the plants with better anticoccidial effect.

Effet de la densité de mise en charge sur les performances zootechniques et la production chez les alevins de Parachanna obscura élevés en milieu contrôlé 12883

The anticoccidial activity of Phyllanthus amarus (Hurricane weed), Jatropha curcas (purging nut) and Piliostigma thonningii (monkey bread) was tested on seventy five Eimeria tenella infected Isa-brown male day-old chicks in a completely randomized design as an alternative measure of controlling coccidiosis. Each chick was orally challenged with 15 000 Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts. There were five groups infected chicks. The first, second and third groups received , the decoction of Phyllanthus amarus, Jatropha curcas and Piliostigma thonningii, ad libitum respectively for five days post-inoculation as drinking beverage. The fourth group was treated with Amprolium orally for also five days post-infection and the fifth group was the infected untreated control. Body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, lesion score, proportion of bloody droppings, survivability, morbidity and oocyst excretion were evaluated. The results showed an efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus in the reduction of oocyst excretion with a reduction rate of 87% compared with the infected untreated control group oocyst excretion. Moreover, macroscopic lesion intensity reduction and low presence of bloody diarrhoea were observed with the Phyllanthus amarus treated chicks. The oocyst excretion reduction rate was 74% with Jatropha curcas infected treated chicks. The growth performance results were similar among the infected treated chick groups. Piliostigma thonningii was less effective in reducing oocyst excretion compared with the other two medicinal plants. Further spectroscopic studies are needed to value the active anticoccidial ingredients in these plants.