Anticoccidial activity of <i>Carica papaya</i> and <i>Vernonia amygdalina</i> extract

Abstract

The anticoccidial effect of C. papaya and V. amygdalina crude juice was tested on 100 Eimeria tenella experimentally infected day-old Isa-brown male chicks in a completely randomized design, as an alternative coccidiosis control measure. Each chick received 3 x 10 4 E. tenella oocysts doses. The first and the second groups were orally treated with papaya and vernonia juice, for consecutive 5 days. The third and the fourth groups were medicated (sulfadimidine) and unmedicated controls. The papaya treatment improved the survivability by 20% compared with the unmedicated control group. Neither death nor bloody feces were found in the medicated control chick group. Similar body weight gains were observed in all groups at the end of the second week post inoculation. However, the papaya and vernonia effect represents only 59.31 and 40.78% of the medicated control efficacy, respectively, in terms of oocysts excretion reduction. Carica papaya did demonstrate in this first herein preliminary study an anticoccidial effect, however, the active substance need to be extracted and its dose and toxicity threshold to be further investigated.

Anticoccidial activity of <i>Khaya senegalensis</i>, <i>Senna siamea</i> and <i>Chamaecrista rotundifolia</i> in chicken (<i>Gallus gallus</i>)

“…The findings are consistent with the results of Christaki et al (2004) who obtained a reduction in lesion scores, bloody diarrhea and oocysts per gram in feces (OPG) with Agrimonia eupatoria, Echinacea angustifolia, Ribes nigrum and Cinchonas uccirubra extract treatment against chicken coccidiosis. Also, Dakpogan et al (2018), reported a reduction in oocyst excretion rate of 56% in Eimeria tenella experimentally infected chicks, treated with Carica papaya extract. Other authors have reported the anticoccidial activity of several medicinal plants (Youn and Noh 2001, Sujikara 2000, Arczewska and Swiatkiewicz 2010, Emilio et al, 2013, Loredana et al 2015.…”

“…Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease that affects animals such as poultry, mammals, rodents and lagomorphs, etc. and caused by a protozoan of the phylum Apicomplex, family Eimeridae and genus Eimeria (Dakpogan et al, 2018). It is a digestive parasitosis due to the presence and replication of coccidian sporozoïtes in the digestive epithelium of birds and is characterized by a massive destruction of epithelial cells with clinical signs such as severe haemorrhagic diarrhea that can lead to death with 50 % or even 90% mortality rate especially in young chickens (Vermeulen et al, 2001).…”

“…In addition, the economic incidence of the disease is estimated at 2.3 billion Euros worldwide, with 70% of the losses attributable to the subclinical form of the disease, which depresses body weight gain and food consumption (Sorensen et al, 2006). The use of medicinal plants (Dakpogan et al, 2018), probiotics and prebiotics (Abbas et al, 2012;McCann et al, 2006) and biosecurity (Peek, 2010) as alternative coccidiosis control methods were reported with more or less satisfactory results.…”

Effects of varying dietary levels of <i>Carica papaya</i> seed meal powder (PSM) on growth and histology of gonads in <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> larvae

“…The need arises, therefore, to examine less expensive and appropriate technology in addressing the problem of uncontrolled breeding in tilapia using suitable natural alternatives that are biodegradable and biological inhibitory agents. Many plants such as Carica Papaya have successfully been used to induce sterility in laboratory animals (Abbas and Abass, 2011) and as medicinal plants in rural communities to cure many human and animal diseases (Dakpogan et al, 2018). Carica papaya (Linn) is one of the economically important fruit trees in the Caricaceae family (Nwiloh et al, 2009).…”

Evaluation of the effect of Phyllanthus amarus, Jatropha curcas and Piliostigma thonningii on experimental chicken coccidiosis

“…Carington et al (2007) in South Africa and Dakpogan et al (2013) in Benin have estimated the financial cost of anticoccidial drugs used per laying hen during its life cycle at US $ 0.30. The intensive use of anticoccidial drug is increasingly worrisome because of anticoccidial drug-resistant coccidia strain emergence (Dakpogan et al, 2018) and the presence of drug residues in poultry products prejudicial to consumer health (Cannavan et al, 2000 ;Mortier et al, 2005 ;Danaher et al, 2008). Conventional vaccines were developed to control coccidiosis (Williams 2002;Chapman et al, 2002;Li et al, 2005).…”