A field study with a completely randomized design was carried out to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of dried seed meal of unripe mature papaya fruit on gastrointestinal parasites of the traditional chicken farming system in Ketou district. The targeted parasites were Ascaridia galli, Eimeria sp., Capillaria sp. and Heterakis sp. Nine chicken flock units of at least 10 local chicken were enrolled in the study which makes three experimental groups of chickens with three replications per treatment. The first group was treated with the Niclosamide-levamisole molecule complex, a conventional chicken antiparasitic drug (VPV: Vermifuge Polyvalent Volaille) with one tablet orally given to an individual adult and half a tablet orally given to an individual young chicken. The second group received, in drinking water, dried seed meal of papaya fruit at a dosage of 1 mg per chicken for 5 days. The third group received drinking water as a placebo. A total of 198 faecal samples were analysed in the laboratory with the quantitative flotation method using the McMaster Chamber. The results obtained demonstrated the effectiveness of Carica papaya extract treatment on coccidia in the first place and also on Ascaridia galli with effects comparable to that of the conventional antiparasitic drugs used in commercial chicken production system. The efficiency time period was 3 weeks for the extract of Carica papaya. This means that the treatment must be renewed every 3 weeks to guarantee its effectiveness. However, the most appropriate dose remains to be elucidated and the use of other organs of the plant for better efficacy will be the subjects of further investigations.
The anticoccidial activity of Phyllanthus amarus (Hurricane weed), Jatropha curcas (purging nut) and Piliostigma thonningii (monkey bread) was tested on seventy five Eimeria tenella infected Isa-brown male day-old chicks in a completely randomized design as an alternative measure of controlling coccidiosis. Each chick was orally challenged with 15 000 Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts. There were five groups infected chicks. The first, second and third groups received , the decoction of Phyllanthus amarus, Jatropha curcas and Piliostigma thonningii, ad libitum respectively for five days post-inoculation as drinking beverage. The fourth group was treated with Amprolium orally for also five days post-infection and the fifth group was the infected untreated control. Body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, lesion score, proportion of bloody droppings, survivability, morbidity and oocyst excretion were evaluated. The results showed an efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus in the reduction of oocyst excretion with a reduction rate of 87% compared with the infected untreated control group oocyst excretion. Moreover, macroscopic lesion intensity reduction and low presence of bloody diarrhoea were observed with the Phyllanthus amarus treated chicks. The oocyst excretion reduction rate was 74% with Jatropha curcas infected treated chicks. The growth performance results were similar among the infected treated chick groups. Piliostigma thonningii was less effective in reducing oocyst excretion compared with the other two medicinal plants. Further spectroscopic studies are needed to value the active anticoccidial ingredients in these plants.
Goat farming in Benin is traditional. In this system, animals harbor parasites that cause economic losses related to growth and reproduction performance, which strongly affect farm productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gastrointestinal parasite burden of goats in Benin. Thus, feces were sampled from 572 and 497 goats in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, in southern, central and northern Benin. The parasite inventory was performed using the Mini-FLOTAC technique for the quantitative study and the Baermann method for the qualitative research. The results showed an overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of 96.82%. Furthermore, goats were mainly infected with Coccidia (92.24%); strongyles (83.91%), of which the critical genera were Haemonchus spp, Trichostrongylus spp, and Oesophagostomum spp; Strongyloides spp (73.25%) followed by Moniezia spp (21.8%). Other gastrointestinal parasites retrieved were Trichuris spp (0.94%) and Toxocara spp (0.28%). Infestation rates and the number of Eggs Per Gram of feces (EPG) were higher in the wet season than in the dry season. During the wet season, infestations were severe for strongyles, Moniezia spp, coccidian, and moderate for Strongyloides spp and light during the dry season except for Coccidia, where they were intense. Infestation rates and egg excretion of gastrointestinal parasites were shaped by age, sex, breed, and study areas. This knowledge of gastrointestinal parasites will help guide the surveillance of goat parasitosis in Benin.
Abstract. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 12 guinea fowl phenotypes from three climatic zones (Guinean, Sudano-Guinean and Sudanian) of Benin. A total of 96 adult guinea fowl, aged at least 6 months, were selected for blood sampling. Fragment analysis was carried out using 17 polymorphic microsatellite markers. The informative marker combinations revealed a total of 83 alleles across all loci, with an average of 5 alleles per locus and a mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.793. This study showed an observed heterozygosity of 0.492. The inbreeding coefficient values ranged from −0.086 in white phenotype to 0.226 in cinnamon, showing a deficit of heterozygotes, suggesting a moderate inbreeding level. A relatively low population differentiation was observed, with a mean fixation index (Fst) value of 0.033. The short genetic distances between phenotypes, unlike the strong genetic identities, revealed high genetic proximity between the 12 phenotypes of indigenous guinea fowl in Benin. These data indicate the existence of a single indigenous guinea fowl population with high intra-population genetic diversity with respect to climatic zones or phenotypes. This study will help in the selection of parental breeding stock for genetic improvement programs, as well as in the conservation for biodiversity maintenance and sustainable use of the indigenous guinea fowl in the study zones in Benin.
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