The Government of Indonesia (GoI) has committed to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by encouraging the acceleration program for battery-based electric motorized vehicles for road transportation through a Presidential Regulation Number 55 of 2019. To accelerate the number of Battery Electric Vehicles (EV), supporting infrastructure is needed such as charging stations. Because with the availability of a sufficient number of charging stations, it will be one of the attractions for people to buy Battery Electric Vehicles. By using the System Dynamics methodology, a projected modeling of the number of Battery Electric Vehicles and Charging Stations (CS) is made until 2030. The increase in the number of Battery Electric Vehicles is influenced by, among others, the price of Battery Electric Vehicles and also the number of Charging Stations themselves. The projection results state that the ratio of the number of charging stations to the number of Battery Electric Vehicles is still far below 1:10. So that the increase in the number of Battery Electric Vehicles must be further improved by lowering the price of Battery Electric Vehicles, one of them.
Increasing bioenergy use is one of the strategies for achieving net zero emissions by 2060. Palm oil biodiesel is a type of bioenergy that has the potential to be applied to achieve this target. On the other side, there are several sources of emission along the palm oil biodiesel (POB) production chain. These potential emissions can be reduced by applying various technologies along the production chain. This study aims to develop a model for reducing emissions from palm oil biodiesel. The model developed was a combination of life cycle assessment and genetic algorithms. Two objectives are defined in this model, namely: maximizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction through technology implementation and minimizing mitigation costs in its implementation. A combination of technology implementations was represented as chromosomes generated through crossover and mutation. By running more than 1000 iterations, a combination of optimal technology implementation can be obtained with the smallest emissions and minimal mitigation costs.
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