Results are presented from a field study performed on the Ciliwung, Sunter and Krukut Rivers in Jakarta. The rivers are used as raw water sources for Jakarta municipal water supply systems, yet the rivers are used as receiving bodies by some inhabitants and industries. In this study, the quality of the rivers' water was determined using a Water Quality Index (WQI) which is scaled from zero to a hundred. The higher number of the WQI indicates, the better quality of the river water. Among the results presented are the WQI and heavy metals concentration. River water sampled from upstream of Jakarta, intake areas, and estuary areas were tested during the dry and rainy seasons. In the dry season the WQIs of Ciliwung, Sunter and Krukut Rivers ranged between 21-42, 20-29 and 21-38, respectively. In the rainy season the WQIs of Ciliwung, Sunter and Krukut Rivers ranged between 34-47, 32-50, and 34-47, respectively. The level of heavy metals did not exceed current Indonesian Standards. It was concluded that the overall water quality of the Ciliwung, Sunter, and Krukut Rivers was between very poor and poor, and the rivers were polluted by Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Hg.
ABSTRACT The beans used in this study were cowpea varieties with the Latin name (Vigna unguiculata ssp. Cylindrica) that are widely known as a protein source where 100 grams of nagara beans contains 22.9 grams of protein. This study aimed to determine the effect of the type and stabilizer concentrations on the quality of probiotic drinks of nagara beans. The types of stabilizers used in this study were Carboxy Methyl Celulose (CMC) and Xanthan gum. This research was carried out using Randomized Block Design (RBD), which consisted of two factors, namely factor I Stabilizing concentrations: 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% stabilizing factor II: CMC and xanthan gum with 3 replications , so that there were 18 times the experimental unit. Based on the SNI (2981: 2009), the best probotic drink was obtained in 1% CMC treatment with physical quality including liquid-viscous appearance, normal/distinctive smell, sour/distinctive taste, homogeneous consistency and gray color. As well as protein content of 1.7%, ash 0.1%, total lactic acid 0.7%, acidity level (pH) is 3.6 and total LAB 2.3 x 1011 CFU/ml. Keywords: Nagara beans, Carboxy methyl celulose, xanthan gum, probiotic drinks ABSTRAK Kacang yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan kacang tunggak varietas nagara dengan nama latin (Vigna unguiculata ssp. Cylindrica). Kacang-kacangan banyak dikenal sebagai sumber protein dimana per 100 gram kacang nagara mengandung protein 22,9 gram. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi penstabil terhadap mutu minuman probiotik kacang nagara. Jenis penstabil yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Carboxy Methyl celulose (CMC) dan Xanthan gum. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), yang terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu faktor I Konsentrasi penstabil : 0,5%, 0,75% dan 1% dan faktor II jenis penstabil : CMC dan xanthan gum dengan 3 kali ulangan, sehingga didapat 18 kali satuan percobaan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan hasil terbaik yang mengacu pada SNI (2981:2009) tentang minuman probiotik yaitu pada perlakuan CMC 1% dengan mutu fisik meliputi penampakan cair-kental, bau Normal/khas, rasa asam/khas, konsistensi homogen dan warna abu-abu. Mutu kimia kadar protein 1,7%, kadar abu 0,1%, total asam laktat 0,7%, derajat keasaman (pH) 3,6 dan total BAL 2,3 x 1011 CFU/ml. Kata Kunci: Kacang Nagara, carboxy methyl celulose, xanthan gum, minuman probiotik.
In reducing number people who exposed covid-19, Government of Indonesia (GOI) have been issued micro-scale people activities limitation policy. Based on the policy, most people activities should be carried out in indoor area, called Work from Home (WFH). Indoor activities are at risk of expose to air pollution if there is a pollution source and unhealthy air circulation. Air purifier need develop to degrade pollution and inhibit microorganism. One of the promising technologies in air purification is Photocatalytic. Photocatalytic is an eco-friendly technique that emerged as a promising alternative for the degradation both organic and non-organic pollutants. Ceramic material (compared to aluminum and stainless steel) composited with Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been investigated to have potential as an optimal photocatalytic medium. Aim of this study was to explore ability of ceramic based photocatalytic in degrade non-organic air pollutant. Earthenware ceramic was coated with photocatalyst material and examined their photocatalytic activation. A simple photo-reactor was established, to investigated performance of ceramic based photocatalyst air quality improvement which was contaminated with cigarette smoke. Result of the study was earthenware ceramic based photocatalyst able to improve air quality by reducing concentration of pollutants both physical and chemical parameters significantly.
Climate change is characterized by the changing of weather and climate elements in the earth, such as temperature and precipitation over a long period. The changing of these climate elements will affect the water balance then affect the agricultural management system, especially in timing and cropping patterns. This study aims to explain the projection of climate change result in the future and its relation with the changing of planting time and crop patterns of rice in West Java Province based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 scenario from 2006 until 2040. The data used in this study were observation data of temperature and rainfall in period of 2006-2015 from 39 rainfall posts with the height data of each rainfall post. The analysis conducted in this study was based on Thorntwaite and Matter water balance models by using observation data (2006-2015) as the baseline and future periods (2021-2030 and 2031-2040). Air temperature and rainfall data in period of 2006-2015 were used to correct the model data. Calculation of groundwater availability was calculated for each representative of Oldeman climate type. Furthermore, the rice planting schedule can be known when the condition of the level of groundwater availability reaches field capacity. The results of the analysis show changes in the Oldeman climate type and the level of groundwater availability due to changes in air temperature and rainfall parameters resulting from projections on current conditions. This caused a change in the planting schedule. The planting schedule will start early when the climate type turns wet, so the condition of the level of groundwater availability increases. The planting schedule in September was seen more broadly in the East and West parts of West Java in the period of 2021-2030 compared to the period of 2006-2015 and 2031-2040.
The utilization of coconut fiber that has not been optimal is one of the opportunities so that the waste has added value, one of which is to process it into particle board. Objective research is to best composition particle board making from coconut coir waste material and TKKS to produce qualified particle board. The method used was a complete randomized design (RAL) with 3 treatment, single factor treatment ie the composition of raw materials in the form of coconut husk and TKKS. Comparison of the particle-making composition of particle board P0: 100% coco fiber: 0% of oil palm empty bunch fibers, P1: 75% : 25%, P2: 50% : 50%, P3: 25% : 75%, P4: 0% : 100%. Best results the combination of raw material composition of particle board is in the treatment of P0 (100% coco fiber: 0% of oil palm empty bunch fiber) with a density value of 0.43 g / cm³, moisture content 7.0%, Modulus of Elasticity - MoE 2.037.45 kg / cm2 and the Modulus of Rupture - MoR 46.14 kg / cm².
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