Obesity is a rapidly growing problem of public health on a worldwide scale, responsible for more than 60% of deaths associated with high body mass index. Recent studies underpinned the augmenting importance of the gut microbiota in obesity. Gut microbiota alterations affect the energy balance of the host organism; namely, as a factor affecting energy production from the diet and as a factor affecting host genes regulating energy expenditure and storage. Gut microbiota composition is characterised by constant variability, and is affected by several dietary factors, suggesting the probability that manipulation of the gut microbiota may promote leaning or prevent obesity. Our narrative review summarizes the results of recent years that stress the effect of gut microbiota in the development of obesity. It investigates the factors (diet, dietary components, lifestyle, and environment) that might affect the gut microbiota composition. Possible strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity include restoring or modifying the composition of the microbiota by consuming prebiotics and probiotics, fermented foods, fruits, vegetables, and avoiding foods of animal origin high in saturated fat and sugar.

Bevezetés: Jelen kutatás célja az volt, hogy felmérje a középiskolában tanító és a leendő biológiatanárok egészségfogalmát. A téma fontosságát indokolja, hogy a biológiaórákon kitüntetett figyelmet kap az egészségnevelés és az egészségfejlesztés, amelyben a pedagógus mintaszerepe hangsúlyosan jelenik meg. Az egyén egészségről kialakult nézetei hatással vannak az egészségmagatartására, így a pedagógusok, mint mintaadók és az óráikon elhangzott tartalmak is befolyásolják a tanulók egészségfelfogását. Módszertan: 153 gyakorló és 66 leendő biológiatanár vett részt az anonim, önkitöltős kérdőíves felmérésben. Az elemzéskor binomiális tesztet, Chi-négyzet és t-próbát végeztünk. Eredmények: A mozgás, a táplálkozás és az egészségtudatosság komponensek említésénél szignifikáns eltérést láthatunk a leendő és a gyakorló biológiatanárok egészségdefiníciói között, a leendő tanárok javára. Az Egészségügyi Világszervezet teljes, 1964-es definíciója nem került megfogalmazásra egyik csoportban sem. A leendő biológiatanárok több mint 40%-a, a gyakorló tanárok több mint 30%-a egyik definíció komponenst sem jelezte válaszában. A testi-lelki jóllét említése volt a leggyakoribb, a komplexebb testi-lelki-szociális jóllétre hivatkozás a gyakorló tanároknál kis számban ugyan de megjelent, azonban a leendő tanároknál nem. Mindkét csoportban volt olyan válasz, amelyben a testi-lelki jóllét és a betegség hiánya komponensek kerültek megemlítésre. A betegség hiánya komponens a pozitív érzelemmel együtt fordult elő a leggyakrabban. Következtetések: Jövőbeli cél, hogy az egyetemi hallgatók egészségtudatos életmódot folytassanak, valamint, hogy ez a hozzáállásuk megmaradjon a későbbiekben is. Továbbá fontos az is, hogy a középiskolai biológiaórákon is megjelenjen az egészséges életmódra nevelés, melyben jelentős a tanári minta közvetítése. E felelősségteljes feladatkör betöltését, a pedagógusok egészségét támogató programokkal, tréningekkel, a tantárgyba beépíthető egészségfejlesztési tananyagokkal is javasolt támogatni, így a biológiatanár is nagyobb eséllyel formálhatja diákjait az egészséges életmód megvalósítása irányába a mindennapokban.

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and depression have increased during the recent years. As the sexual dysfunction is also frequent, we aimed to search for the associations between sexual dysfunction and the metabolic syndrome and its components, respectively, by reviewing the literature. The clinical and biochemical components of the metabolic syndrome included cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, visceral obesity and depression, furthermore, insulin resistance, atherogenic lipid profile, hypogonadism, chronic systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were all demonstrated to affect adversely the sexual function. The dysfunction of the sexual arousal response shows a strong association in men and a milder one in women with the cardiovascular diseases and depression. Sexual function in diabetes mellitus is mostly impaired by microvascular injury, polyneuropathy and autonomic neuropathy. Erectile dysfunction and disorder of the female sexual arousal response and the orgasm, respectively, are associated with insulin resistance, atherogenic lipid profile and systemic inflammatory condition in overweight or obese patients. Sexual dysfunction particularly in men can be an early sign of the severe complications of metabolic syndrome. The pathogenetic link between the metabolic syndrome and the sexual dysfunction seems to be the insulin resistance. Both metabolic syndrome and sexual dysfunction can be restored by altering the lifestyle. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(3): 98–103.

The MBCR program is a very effective psychosocial intervention among cancer patients; it has a long term significant impact on mood and quality of life. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(33): 1293-1301.

Background People with disadvantages are a high-risk group of unemployment or underemployment. Disadvantages include disability, under-education, or being a member of a minority, etc. Effective labor market programs could be a key in raising employment and quality of life among this high-risk group of society. The TOP 6.8.2.-15-NA1 project is one of the main Hungarian labor market programs. The project’s primary aims are increasing the employability of disadvantaged unemployed and supporting the efficiency of job-seeking. Methods Our goal was to analyze the effects and methodology of the TOP 6.8.2.-15-NA1 project in Hungary. The sample of our study contains participants of the project (n = 300), based in Zala County, Hungary. Results After 28 days, 53.3% of participants had a job. At the 180th day status, the rate of employed people was 47.3%. We could identify low-educated participants and older participants as higher-risk groups of long-term unemployment. Conclusions We emphasize the role of these services (job-seeking clubs, organization of job fairs, and mentorship) in the long-term individual success of participants. Improving the employment rate for people with disadvantages is a critical factor for enhancing the quality of life for individuals with disadvantages.

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Objectives: To test the effect of a structured smoking cessation program delivered by trained pharmacists on smoking cessation rates in Qatar. MethOds: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in eight ambulatory pharmacies in Qatar. Eligible participants were smokers 18 years and older who smoked one or more cigarettes daily for 7 days, were motivated to quit, able to communicate in Arabic or English, and attend the program sessions. Intervention group participants met with the pharmacists four times at 2 to 4 week intervals. Participants in the control group received unstructured brief smoking cessation counseling. The primary study outcome was self-reported continuous abstinence at 12 months. Multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to assess the predictors of smoking at 12 months. Analysis was conducted using IBM-SPSS® version 23 and STATA® version 12. Results: A total of 314 smokers were randomized into two groups: intervention (n= 167) and control (n= 147). Smoking cessation rates were higher in the intervention group at 12 months; however this difference was not statistically significant (23.9% vs. 16.9% p= 0.257). Nevertheless, the daily number of cigarettes smoked for those who relapsed was significantly lower (by 4.7 and 5.6 cigarettes at 3 and 6 months respectively) in the intervention group as compared to control group (p= 0.041 and p= 0.018 respectively). At 12 months, the difference was 3.2 cigarettes in favor of the intervention group but was not statistically significant (p= 0.246). Years of smoking and daily number of cigarettes were the only predictors of smoking as opposed to quitting at 12 months (p= 0.005; p= 0.027 respectively). cOnclusiOns: There was no statistically significant difference in the smoking cessation rate at 12 months between the groups. However, the program led to higher (albeit non-significant) smoking cessation rates compared with usual care. More research should be conducted to identify factors that might improve abstinence.

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