Obesity is a rapidly growing problem of public health on a worldwide scale, responsible for more than 60% of deaths associated with high body mass index. Recent studies underpinned the augmenting importance of the gut microbiota in obesity. Gut microbiota alterations affect the energy balance of the host organism; namely, as a factor affecting energy production from the diet and as a factor affecting host genes regulating energy expenditure and storage. Gut microbiota composition is characterised by constant variability, and is affected by several dietary factors, suggesting the probability that manipulation of the gut microbiota may promote leaning or prevent obesity. Our narrative review summarizes the results of recent years that stress the effect of gut microbiota in the development of obesity. It investigates the factors (diet, dietary components, lifestyle, and environment) that might affect the gut microbiota composition. Possible strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity include restoring or modifying the composition of the microbiota by consuming prebiotics and probiotics, fermented foods, fruits, vegetables, and avoiding foods of animal origin high in saturated fat and sugar.

Health and sustainability problems have become a central theme in dialogue in both the scientific community and the public. Our individual choices have a profound, advantageous or disadvantageous impact on our health; the same can be said about our environmental footprint. In this area, we can also make decisions that affect the physical environment positively or negatively. Our narrative review aims to demonstrate that healthy plant-based choices in our diet are linked to choices beneficial for our environment and that these two seemingly distant aspects converge in the context of plant-based diets. We have collected, compared and discussed the results of life cycle analysis (LCA) articles on the current state of the effect of food choice on our environment. Furthermore, we would like to show the opportunities and constraints of implementing plant-based diets.

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Intorduction 2/3 of Hungarian society is currently overweight or obese. 40% of men are overweight and 32% are obese, 32% of overweight and obesity in women in both cases, and the value increases with age. 1 Among the OECD countries, Hungary is the fourth most obese country and on the top of the podium in Europe. 2 Most of the mortality are due to inadequate nutrition, more than smoking-related deaths. 3 As we see the nutritional status of Hungary, it can be said that there is an excessive amount of animal product and fat intake, while fruit, vegetable and cereal consumption is low. The dietary fiber intake is decreasing and sugar consumption is increasing. 4 There are countless approaches to treat the obesity. There are many contradictory diets that prove workable for some, but not others, so it could be possible that everyone is right in some cases. Based on this we can see that the treatment should be personalized. David Zeevi researc focusing on postprandial glycemic response to personalize the diet To do this, the carbohydrate content and glycemic index were considered. There are great differences in the same foods in different people postprandal glucose levels that justify to comsumize the diet. 5 The influence of the climate on human morphology is significant: the cooler the climate is, the larger the body mass, and the warmer the climate is, the leaner and the taller the body. 6 Nutrition is related to our morphology, because our body type is hereditary and most likely the climate has specific dietary patterns. 7 Based on these, eating according to our hormonal body type 8 and metabolic type 9 can be an interesting approach to diets. Method N=64, aged at least 18. Sampling is random and not representative. The 95% average confidence interval test compares the nutrition of hormonal body types to WHO recommendations, and the metabolic types nutrition with their recommendations according to The