The prevalence of dental decay is expected to rise in many developing countries due to the growing consumption of sugars. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of sweet food and beverage consumption among schoolchildren in Jazan, Saudi Arabia and to determine the relationship with dental caries. In a cross-sectional, descriptive study 853 children aged 6-15 years (520 boys and 333 girls) were assessed by questionnaire and clinical examinations. Caries prevalence (≥ 1 dft/DMFT) was high (91.3%). While knowledge was generally good, 83.5% boys and 85.8% girls had poor attitudes to sweet foods and > 90% frequently consumed sweet foods/beverages. Multiple regression analysis showed that children whose mothers were less educated (OR 2.46; 95% CI: 1.15-5.28) and children with poor dietary attitudes and practices (OR 4.05; 95% CI: 2.33-7.03 and OR 7.80; 95% CI: 4.50-13.52 respectively) were more likely to have dental caries. Well-directed health promotion programmes are needed in Jazan. ,03 et OR 7,80 ; IC à 95 % : 4,50-13,52 respectivement) étaient plus à risque de présenter des caries dentaires. Des programmes de promotion de la santé convenablement ciblés sont nécessaires à Jazan. ‫ـنان‬

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ABSTRAK Dari 194 negara anggota WHO, 65 di antaranya memiliki cakupan Imunisasi Difteri, Pertusis dan Tetanus (DPT) di bawah target global 90%. Badan Kesehatan Dunia menganjurkan negara-negara untuk bekerja lebih intensif bersama mencapai target cakupan imunisasi, program imunisasi bertujuan untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian dari penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pendidikan, pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga, dan peran tenaga kesehatan dengan kepatuhan ibu dalam melakukan imunisasi dasar pada bayi usia 0 sampai 12 bulan di desa aweh kabupaten lebak banten tahun 2017. Metode penelitian ini merupakan cross sectional , populasinya adalah ibu yang memiliki anak usia 1 sampai 5 tahun yang berada di desa aweh tahun 2017 sebanyak 515 orang dengan metode sampling mengunakan accidental sampling sejumlah 84 orang. Analisis data menggunakan univariat, bivariat, dan analisis multivariat analisis bivariat dengan korelasi product moment dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi linier berganda, analisis univariat kepatuhan imunisasi dasar yang tidak patuh (53,6%), pendidikan rendah (36,9%), pengetahuan kurang baik (48,8%), keluarga yang tidak mendukung (70,2%), yang memberi pernyataan peran tenaga kesehatan kurang baik (34,5%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan ada hubungan pendidikan, pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga dan peran tenaga kesehatan dengan kepatuhan ibu dalam melakukan imunisasi dasar pada bayi usia 0 sampai 12 bulan. Yang paling signifikan adalah peran tenaga kesehatan dengan nilai Odds Ratio (OR) sebesar 27,750. Saran peneliti diharapkan peran tenaga kesehatan berpartisipasi aktif dan berkesinambungan untuk lebih memperhatikan ibu agar mau melakukan imunisasi pada bayinya.   Kata Kunci: Kepatuhan, Imunisasi Dasar, pengetahuan,dukungan keluarga       Of the 194 WHO member countries, 65 have diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT) immunization coverage under the global target of 90%. The World Health Organization (WHO) invites countries to work more intensively together to achieve immunization coverage targets, immunization programs aim to reduce morbidity and mortality from preventable diseases by immunization. The purpose of this research is to know the correlation between education, knowledge, family support, and the role of health workers with maternal obedience in conducting basic immunization at infants aged 0 to 12 months in the working area of puskesmas community in the regency of Lebak Banten in 2017. This research is Cross-sectional approach, the population of mothers who have children aged 1 to 5 years who are in the working area of the community health center in 2017 as many as 515 people and a sample of 48 people. Analysis of the data using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis bivariate analysis with product moment correlation and multivariate analysis with multiple linear regression univariate obedience immunization (53,6%), low education (36,9%), poor knowledge (48,8%), unsupportive family (70,2%), giving role statement Poor health workers (34.5%). While the results of bivariate research indicate that there is a relationship between education, knowledge, family support, and the role of health personnel with maternal obedience in performing basic immunization in infants aged 0 to 12 months in the working area of the community health center of the district lebak banten (p <0.05 ), of the variables studied by the greatest OR value is the role of health manpower (27,750) meaning that the role of the poor health worker is at risk 27,750 times bigger to not adhere to basic immunization. Therefore, active and sustained participation is needed by the personnel Health to the local community, so that people believe and believe so that they will know and realize that basic immunization is very important given to the baby.   Keywords: Obedience, Basic Immunization, knawleange, family support

BACKGROUND: Complementary feeding is a crucial aspect of children’s health and growth. Few children receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods that meet the criteria of dietary diversity and appropriate feeding frequency. Applied to nutrition, self-efficacy may predict which dietary behavior people feel capable of changing, how much effort they will expend while trying to adopt the new behavior, and how long they will persist in the face of obstacles. AIM: This paper aimed to recognize the attributes of the concept of complementary feeding self-efficacy. METHODS: A search was conducted for articles in the scientific literature through PubMed and ProQuest using search terms: Feeding practices, self-efficacy, mother, confident, maternal, and infant. A manual search was also performed, which included textbooks. Concept analysis was done with the method developed by Walker and Avant. Inclusion criteria were defined and a database created with the articles included for the analysis. RESULTS: The concept of complementary feeding self-efficacy is defined as mother’s beliefs in her ability to give adequate complementary food in terms of time, portion, frequency, and variety as well as to give safe and hygiene foods. It also involves creating a comfortable and warm environment while children are eating and to give appropriate responses toward any child’s cues while eating, including hunger and satiety. Education of mother, type of family, occupation of father, occupation of mother, infant’s health, and family income status are antecedents for these attributes. The consequences are changes in behavior of mothers, children’s food intake improvement, and physical growth. CONCLUSION: The attributes identified contribute to the understanding of the complementary feeding self-efficacy concept. These results could be used to design behavioral intervention.

Backgound: The glycemic index (GI) is a notion that defences the glycaemic potency of foods. Foods with low GI will be digested and turned into glucose gradually and slowly. As a result blood glucose peak will not be so high and its fluctuation relatively in short time. Although cassava is a good source of carbohydrate, it has a high GI and low protein. Its GI factor needs to be reduced by any efforts to make it a healthy alternative food in spite of rice.Objective: To analize the effect of adding coconut and black-eyed pea to the GI factor of cassava.Method: The study used experimental observation design. There were three groups of treatment with 9 persons in each goup. After fasting for 10 hours, blood glucose were tested and 50 g of true glucose were given. Blood glucose of the subjects were tested again after 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes giving true glucose. Next on the seventh day, they were given boiled cassava, cassava with coconut (sawut) and cassava with black-eyed pea (gintul). After which their blood glucose were also tested. Results: GI factor of steam cassava, shredded cassava and shredded cassava with black-eyed pea (gintul) was 100,40; 70,90; and 61,88; respectively. There was a significant difference of GI level between three products (p=0,031). Conclusion: Food processing by adding coconut and black-eyed pea has effect in reducing the GI level of cassava.

Obesitas telah menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius di seluruh dunia. Prevalensi obesitas baik pada orang dewasa maupun anak-anak meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Masalah obesitas memerlukan penanganan yang serius karena obesitas memiliki konsekuensi yang serius terutama terjadinya penyakit yang dipicu oleh keadaan obes. Faktor sosial yang mempengaruhi pola konsumsi makanan di masyarakat perlu untuk diperhatikan. Pilihan makanan seseorang dapat merupakan refleksi dari pola sosial dalam produksi, distribusi dan konsumsi makanan di masyarakat. Tulisan ini memperkenalkan perspektif sosial dalam menggali pengaruh pola produksi, distribusi dan konsumsi makanan terhadap kejadian obesitas.

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Heni Hendriyani, dkk: Konsumsi makanan tinggi natrium, kesukaan rasa asin, berat badan, dan tekanan darah pada anak sekolah Konsumsi makanan tinggi natrium, kesukaan rasa asin, berat badan, dan tekanan darah pada anak sekolah ((p=0,000; r=-0,549 and p=0,000; r=-0,412). There were no correlation between natrium intake with sistolic and diastolic BP (p=0,764; r= 0,0025 and p=0,819; r=0,19). Conclusion: Healthy food and maintaining normal weight information and education must be done for children as early as possible. KEY WORDS: blood pressure; natrium intake; salty food preference; schoolchildren; weight ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Meningkatnya konsumsi natrium berhubungan dengan hipertensi dan meningkatnya risiko penyakit jantung dan stroke. Meskipun hipertensi, penyakit jantung, dan stroke biasanya terjadi pada orang dewasa, penyakit ini bisa berawal dari anak-anak. Tujuan: Menganalisis kesukaan rasa asin makanan, konsumsi makanan tinggi natrium, asupan natrium, berat badan, dan hubungannya dengan tekanan darah anak sekolah. Metode: Desain penelitian cross sectional dengan sampel penelitian anak SMP yang terpilih sejumlah 151 siswa (laki-laki 62 anak dan perempuan 89 anak) berusia antara 11 sampai 14 tahun. Data kesukaan rasa asin makanan diperoleh dengan mencicipi sosis solo dengan konsentrasi garam berbeda. Konsumsi makanan tinggi natrium, rendah natrium, dan asupan natrium diperoleh dengan mengisi semi kuantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaire. Tekanan darah diperoleh dengan alat ukur tekanan darah digital. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan Rank Spearman test. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan 74,2% responden menyukai kudapan dengan konsentrasi garam di atas anjuran WHO (50 g snack dengan konsentrasi garam >0,5 g). Sejumlah 22,5% responden asupan natriumnya dari makanan saja mencapai ≥2000 mg. Responden dengan kategori hipertensi sebanyak 35,8%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara konsumsi makanan tinggi natrium dan asupan natrium (p=0,002). Ada korelasi bermakna antara berat badan dengan tekanan sistolik dan diastolik (p=0,000; r=-0,549 dan p=0,000; r=-0,412). Ditemukan korelasi yang tidak bermakna antara asupan natrium dengan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik (p=0,764; r= 0,0025 dan p=0,819; r=0,19). Simpulan: Berat badan anak berhubungan dengan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik. Tidak ada korelasi antara asupan natrium dengan tekanan darah sistolik maupun diastolik. Informasi dan edukasi mengenai pilihan makanan yang sehat dan cara mempertahankan berat badan normal perlu diberikan kepada anak-anak sedini mungkin.KATA KUNCI: tekanan darah; asupan natrium; kesukaan rasa asin makanan; anak sekolah; berat badan