Observations on water and electrolyte metabolism after hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy, in male and female rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain) are confirmed and extended. The diabetic (homozygous, DI) state relative to the non-diabetic (heterozygous, non-DI) state was characterized by (1) water intake of 55-120% body weight; (2) copious urine hypo-osmotic to plasma; (3) greater excretory rates of total solute, Na, Ca and Mg; (4) similar plasma composition except that in male DI rats, K concentration was less, and in female DI rats osmolarity was higher; (5) glomerular filtration rates (GFR) were similar with close correlations between: food and water intakes, water intake and output, urinary Na and K, Na and Cl, K and Cl, and Ca and Mg; (6) both female DI and non-DI rats had lower urinary Na:K ratios and lower plasma Na concentrations than males; (7) female DI rats excreted relatively larger amounts of K and Cl, and had higher plasma Ca concentrations than other groups. Hypophysectomized DI rats had decreased water intake and urine output, decreased solute excretion, decreased loss of osmotically free water, lower excretory rates of Na, K and Cl, and increased urinary osmolarity and K concentrations. Hypophysectomized non-DI rats had increased urinary excretory rates, decreased solute excretion (by 60-70%), decreased osmotically free water absorption, decreased urinary osmolarity, Na and K concentrations, and increased excretory rates of Ca and Mg. Hypophysectomized DI and non-DI rats had increased plasma osmolarity and Na concentration. Plasma renin activities (PRA) were higher in DI than in non-DI rats with female values lower than those of males; values for both sexes of DI and non-DI rats were reduced after hypophysectomy. Adrenalectomized DI rats had about a 50% reduction in water intake, urine output and free water clearance, increased urinary concentration of electrolytes and total solute by day 4 after operation; their Na balance (dietary:urine) did not change significantly in contrast to adrenalectomized non-DI rats in which a greater percentage of dietary Na appeared in the urine. GFR was similarly reduced in adrenalectomized DI and non-DI rats. Plasma osmolarity increased in adrenalectomized male DI, decreased in female DI and non-DI, and did not change in male non-DI rats. Plasma K concentrations increased after adrenalectomy in all groups, only non-DI rats had a significantly decreased plasma Na concentration. There was no sex difference in pituitary oxytocic activity but it was consistently reduced in DI rats; there was little change after adrenalectomy in male DI and non-DI rats; but there was an increase in DI and non-DI females. Pituitaries of DI rats had no measurable ADH activity (except the inherent activity of oxytocin). Pituitary ADH values for male and female non-DI rats were similar and were unaffected by adrenalectomy.
This communication presents methods for the removal of the adrenocortical tissue of the eel (Anguilla anguilla L.). Therefore the anatomy of that area is first described. For a general account of the vascular system see Mott (1950).The right posterior cardinal vein (Pl. 1 a) runs from the posterior part of the kidney to join the right anterior cardinal vein at the level of the sinus venosus, which it enters, together with the jugular vein by a common vessel, the right ductus Cuvieri. Variations include the separate entry of the right anterior cardinal vein and the right posterior cardinal vein into the sinus venosus. The vein from the swim-bladder may enter the sinus venosus either as a separate vessel or be received by the right posterior cardinal vein, just outside the pericardium. The left posterior cardinal vein (Pl. 1b) is small and sometimes defective. It arises from the kidney more anteriorly than the right posterior cardinal vein on the opposite side, joining the left anterior cardinal vein, leading to the left ductus Cuvieri which receives the jugular vein and a small vessel from the left anterior cardinal vein. There are small anasto¬ mosing vessels between the right and left posterior cardinal veins, a more prominent one (PI. lc) occurs at the level of the posterior limit of the liver.The head-kidney on the right side commences just posterior to the junction of the right posterior cardinal vein and swim-bladder vein and at about a similar distance posterior to the sinus venosus when the swim-bladder vein enters the heart separately. The head-kidney extends posteriorly to the caudal kidney. The right head-kidney is readily removed from the right posterior cardinal vein by blunt dissection. In contrast, the left head-kidney is intimately associated with the left posterior cardinal vein, extending from a level just posterior to the left ductus Cuvieri, posteriorly to the caudal kidney. Adrenocortical tissue is found only in the anterior part of the headkidney and in the walls of the left and right posterior cardinal veins (PI. 2). Adreno¬ cortical tissue more frequently abuts against the right head-kidney, but is contained within the left head-kidney.Adrenalectomy of teleost fish has not been previously described because of the difficulties posed by the intimate connexion of the adrenal cortex with the headkidney and posterior cardinal veins. Etoh & Egami (1963) briefly mention, without details, the possibility of adrenalectomy of goldfish. We understand that the headkidney is sucked out by a cannula (C. Tachi, personal communication). This is a method of partial adrenalectomy as adrenocortical tissue would remain in the walls of the cardinal veins (Chester Jones, 1957). The following method of adrenalectomy in the eel has therefore been devised.Eels are anaesthetized with MS 222 (tricaine methanosulphate, Sandoz). A ventral
This paper gives an account of a re-investigation of the work of Groat (1943Groat ( , 1944. It shows that, apart from animals dying from extraneous causes, the female ground squirrel in anoestrus, some 5 weeks after adrenalectomy, is in good condition, grows, prefers tap-water, and has electrolyte concentrations in blood and muscle similar to those of control animals. In the absence of the adrenals, new tissue appears in the ovaries and, more rarely, in extra-ovarian sites, and reasons are given for considering it to be adrenocortical both in form and function. The origin of this presumptive adrenocortical tissue and the implications of its formation are discussed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.