Gastrin-releasing peptide from the intestine of the elasmobranch fish, Scyliorhinus canicula (common dogfish)

Conlon, J. Michael; Iw, Henderson; Thim, Lars

doi:10.1016/0016-6480(87)90080-3

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Some of these substances, such as somatostatin (Conlon et al, 1985), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (Dimaline et a/., 1986;1987), scyliorhinin I and II (Conlon et al, 1986), glucagon (Conlon et al, 1987b) and gastrin-releasing peptide (Conlon et al, 1987a), were also isolated from elasmobranch gut and sequenced. In recent studies their action was investigated, particularly on gut muscle of Squalus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric nerve fibres in the intestinal mucosa of an elasmobranch

Faraldi

Vallarino

Tagliafierro

et al. 1990

Bolletino di zoologia

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The presence and distribution of some neuropeptides and serotonin was investigated in the enteric nervous system of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. At the light microscope, whole mount preparations showed numerous VIP-and PHI-immunopositive nerve fibres in the lamina propria and muscolaris mucosae, while the few bombesin-and serotonin-immunopositive nerve fibres were particularly located in the blood vessel wall near smooth muscular fibres. At the electron microscope, numerous unmyelinated nerve fibres were seen in the same localization as neuropeptide-and serotoninimmunoreactivities. The terminal axons showed vesicle-containing varicosities which were alternated with narrow tracts characterized by neurofilaments and neurotubules. Six different kinds of vesicles were identified according to their size and electron-density. These different vesicles often occurred in the same varicosity, suggesting the presence of more than one peptide, together with classic neurotransmitters, in the same nerve terminal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric nerve fibres in the intestinal mucosa of an elasmobranch

Faraldi

Vallarino

Tagliafierro

et al. 1990

Bolletino di zoologia

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“…In Fig. 4, the amino acid sequences of Xenopus GRP-1 and GRP-2 are compared with the correspond-ing sequences of GRP from pig (16), human (27), chicken (15), the alligator Alligator mississipiensis (30), the amphibian Bombina orientalis (21), the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei) (10), and the spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula (Elasmobranchii) (3). The data show that evolutionary pressure to conserve the structure of GRP has been very selective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrin-releasing peptides fromXenopus laevis: purification, characterization, and myotropic activity

Kim

Johansson

Holmgren

et al. 2001

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Two molecular forms of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) were isolated from an extract of the intestine of the tetraploid frog Xenopus laevis. The primary structure of GRP-1 (APTSQQHTEQ(10)LSRSNINTRG(20) SHWAVGHLM.NH(2)) differs from that of GRP-2 by a single amino acid substitution (Asn(15)--> Thr(15)). GRP-(20-29) peptide (neuromedin C) was also isolated from the extract. Synthetic GRP-1 produced concentration-dependent contractions of longitudinal smooth muscle strips from Xenopus cardiac stomach (pD(2) = 8.93 +/- 0.32; n = 6). The responses were unaffected by tetrodotoxin, atropine, and methysergide, indicating a direct action of the peptide on smooth muscle cells. GRP-1 elicited concentration-dependent relaxations of precontracted (5 microM carbachol) circular smooth muscle strips from the same region (pD(2) = 8.96 +/- 0.21; n = 8). The responses were significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated (71 +/- 24% decrease in maximum response; n = 6) by indomethacin, indicating mediation, at least in part, by prostanoids. Despite the fact that Xenopus GRP-1 differs from pig GRP at 15 amino acid sites, both peptides are equipotent and equally effective for both contractile and relaxant responses, demonstrating that selective evolutionary pressure has acted to conserve the functional COOH-terminal domain in the peptide. The data suggest a physiologically important role for GRP in the regulation of gastric motility in X. laevis.

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“…Alternatively, BBS-like peptides may interact with known physiological regulators of GH, such as somatostatin (SRIF) and/or GH-releasing factor (GRF), both of which may still be present and functional in nerve terminals of our pituitary fragment system. In mammals, BBS-like peptides have been reported to alter pituitary GH secretion through interactions with GRF and SRIF in vivo and in vitro [35,11], More recently, it has been reported that BBS-like pep tides likely regulate the release of LH in vivo through actions at a level higher than at the rat pituitary [36], Finally, inconsistent IR staining in the goldfish pars distalis may indicate that more than one form of BBS/GRPlike peptide exists in the goldfish pituitary, as has been documented in the fish gastrointestinal tract [7,37,38]. Subsequently, L90 BBS antisera may have detected those BBS/GRP-like peptides present only in the NIL and with in a specific anterior pituitary cell type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mammals, both BBS and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a 27 amino acid peptide sharing a similar decapeptide C-terminal sequence as BBS, are widely distribut ed within nerves of the central nervous system and gas trointestinal tract [2], where they play a fundamental role in the regulation of feeding related activities [3,4], In low er vertebrates such as fish, BBS-like peptides have also been described [5][6][7], BBS-like immunoreactive (IR) ma terial has been reported in both endocrine cells and nerve fibres of the gastrointestinal tract of several fish species, including the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss [5], Atlantic cod Gadus morhua [8], and members of the cyprinid family [6], To our knowledge, only one recent study has docu mented the presence of BBS-like IR within the central nervous system of fish. In the cartilaginous fish Scyliorhimts canicula, BBS-like IR material was reported in ventral forebrain regions of the telencephalon and hypo thalamic preoptic area, as well as in the habenular com plex [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bombesin-Like Immunoreactivity in the Forebrain and Pituitary and Regulation of Anterior Pituitary Hormone Release by Bombesin in Goldfish

Himick¹,

Peter²

1995

Neuroendocrinology

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The presence and distribution of bombesin (BBS)/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-like immunoreactivity (IR) was examined in the goldfish pituitary and forebrain. BBS/GRP-like IR nerve fibres were consistently observed throughout the pituitary neurointermediate lobe (); occasionally, BBS/GRP-like material was localized in cells and few fibres within the pars distalis. Within the goldfish forebrain, sparse, fine-beaded BBS/GRP-like IR fibres and few perikarya were detected in the preoptic hypothalamus. BBS/GRP-like IR material was also present in the ventro-posterior hypothalamus and the hypothalamic inferior lobes, and, in particular, within the nucleus lateral tuberis pars anterioris (NLTa) and nucleus lateral tuberis pars posterioris (NLTp), nucleus anterior tuberis (NAT), nucleus recessus lateralis (NRL), nucleus recessus posterioris (NRP), and the nucleus diffusus lobi inferioris (NDLI). Several BBS/GRP-like IR perikarya were observed in periventricular regions of the NLT, NRL, and NRP. Finally, BBS/GRP-like IR material was detected in the nucleus habenularis, the nucleus rotundus, several thalamic nuclei, and the optic tectum of the dorso-posterior diencephalon. The presence of BBS/ GRP-like IR material within the preoptic hypothalamus, hypophysial stalk, and in the pituitary suggests that BBS-like peptides may regulate pituitary hormone release in fish. Perifusion of goldfish pituitary fragments with initial pulses of 0.1,10,100 or 1,000 nMBBS stimulated both growth hormone (GH) and gonadotropin (GtH-II) release. Repeated pulses of the same dose of BBS generally stimulated GH and GtH-II release to a similar magnitude. These studies provide initial evidence that BBS/GRP-like peptides are present within the central nervous system of teleost fish. The anatomical distribution of BBS/ GRP-like IR in goldfish hypothalamic feeding center supports our previous report indicating a role for BBS in the central regulation of food intake in fish. Additionally, the presence of BBS/GRP-like IR material in the pituitary and brain areas associated with the regulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion, as well as evidence demonstrating a direct action of BBS at the level of the goldfish pituitary to modify GH and GtH-II secretion, indicates that BBS/ GRP-like peptides likely act to regulate pituitary hormone release in teleosts.

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Gastrin-releasing peptide from the intestine of the elasmobranch fish, Scyliorhinus canicula (common dogfish)

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Enteric nerve fibres in the intestinal mucosa of an elasmobranch

Enteric nerve fibres in the intestinal mucosa of an elasmobranch

Gastrin-releasing peptides fromXenopus laevis: purification, characterization, and myotropic activity

Bombesin-Like Immunoreactivity in the Forebrain and Pituitary and Regulation of Anterior Pituitary Hormone Release by Bombesin in Goldfish

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